Dataset Information

Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings.

ABSTRACT: Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV), with ~30,000 cases reported to date. ZIKV was first detected in Brazil in May 2015, and cases of microcephaly potentially associated with ZIKV infection were identified in November 2015. We performed next-generation sequencing to generate seven Brazilian ZIKV genomes sampled from four self-limited cases, one blood donor, one fatal adult case, and one newborn with microcephaly and congenital malformations. Results of phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses show a single introduction of ZIKV into the Americas, which we estimated to have occurred between May and December 2013, more than 12 months before the detection of ZIKV in Brazil. The estimated date of origin coincides with an increase in air passengers to Brazil from ZIKV-endemic areas, as well as with reported outbreaks in the Pacific Islands. ZIKV genomes from Brazil are phylogenetically interspersed with those from other South American and Caribbean countries. Mapping mutations onto existing structural models revealed the context of viral amino acid changes present in the outbreak lineage; however, no shared amino acid changes were found among the three currently available virus genomes from microcephaly cases. Municipality-level incidence data indicate that reports of suspected microcephaly in Brazil best correlate with ZIKV incidence around week 17 of pregnancy, although this correlation does not demonstrate causation. Our genetic description and analysis of ZIKV isolates in Brazil provide a baseline for future studies of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of this emerging virus in the Americas.

SUBMITTER: Faria NR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4918795 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings.

Faria Nuno Rodrigues NR Azevedo Raimunda do Socorro da Silva RDSDS Kraemer Moritz U G MUG Souza Renato R Cunha Mariana Sequetin MS Hill Sarah C SC Thézé Julien J Bonsall Michael B MB Bowden Thomas A TA Rissanen Ilona I Rocco Iray Maria IM Nogueira Juliana Silva JS Maeda Adriana Yurika AY Vasami Fernanda Giseli da Silva FGDS Macedo Fernando Luiz de Lima FLL Suzuki Akemi A Rodrigues Sueli Guerreiro SG Cruz Ana Cecilia Ribeiro ACR Nunes Bruno Tardeli BT Medeiros Daniele Barbosa de Almeida DBA Rodrigues Daniela Sueli Guerreiro DSG Queiroz Alice Louize Nunes ALN da Silva Eliana Vieira Pinto EVP Henriques Daniele Freitas DF da Rosa Elisabeth Salbe Travassos EST de Oliveira Consuelo Silva CS Martins Livia Caricio LC Vasconcelos Helena Baldez HB Casseb Livia Medeiros Neves LMN Simith Darlene de Brito DB Messina Jane P JP Abade Leandro L Lourenço José J Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior LCJ de Lima Maricélia Maia MM Giovanetti Marta M Hay Simon I SI de Oliveira Rodrigo Santos RS Lemos Poliana da Silva PDS de Oliveira Layanna Freitas LF de Lima Clayton Pereira Silva CPS da Silva Sandro Patroca SP de Vasconcelos Janaina Mota JM Franco Luciano L Cardoso Jedson Ferreira JF Vianez-Júnior João Lídio da Silva Gonçalves JLDSG Mir Daiana D Bello Gonzalo G Delatorre Edson E Khan Kamran K Creatore Marisa M Coelho Giovanini Evelim GE de Oliveira Wanderson Kleber WK Tesh Robert R Pybus Oliver G OG Nunes Marcio R T MRT Vasconcelos Pedro F C PFC

Science (New York, N.Y.) 20160324 6283

Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV), with ~30,000 cases reported to date. ZIKV was first detected in Brazil in May 2015, and cases of microcephaly potentially associated with ZIKV infection were identified in November 2015. We performed next-generation sequencing to generate seven Brazilian ZIKV genomes sampled from four self-limited cases, one blood donor, one fatal adult case, and one newborn with microcephaly and congenital malformations. Results of phylogene ...[more]

PMID: 27013429

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Project description:Background:Mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted Zika virus has become widespread across Central and South America and the Caribbean. Many Zika vaccine candidates are under active development. Objective:To quantify the effect of Zika vaccine prioritization of females aged 9 to 49 years, followed by males aged 9 to 49 years, on incidence of prenatal Zika infections. Design:A compartmental model of Zika transmission between mosquitoes and humans was developed and calibrated to empirical estimates of country-specific mosquito density. Mosquitoes were stratified into susceptible, exposed, and infected groups; humans were stratified into susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered, and vaccinated groups. Age-specific fertility rates, Zika sexual transmission, and country-specific demographics were incorporated. Setting:34 countries and territories in the Americas with documented Zika outbreaks. Target Population:Males and females aged 9 to 49 years. Intervention:Age- and sex-targeted immunization using a Zika vaccine with 75% efficacy. Measurements:Annual prenatal Zika infections. Results:For a base-case vaccine efficacy of 75% and vaccination coverage of 90%, immunizing females aged 9 to 49 years (the World Health Organization target population) would reduce the incidence of prenatal infections by at least 94%, depending on the country-specific Zika attack rate. In regions where an outbreak is not expected for at least 10 years, vaccination of women aged 15 to 29 years is more efficient than that of women aged 30 years or older. Limitation:Population-level modeling may not capture all local and neighborhood-level heterogeneity in mosquito abundance or Zika incidence. Conclusion:A Zika vaccine of moderate to high efficacy may virtually eliminate prenatal infections through a combination of direct protection and transmission reduction. Efficiency of age-specific targeting of Zika vaccination depends on the timing of future outbreaks. Primary Funding Source:National Institutes of Health.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Three arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) causing human disease have been the focus of a large number of studies in the Americas since 2013 due to their global spread and epidemiological impacts: Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. A large proportion of infections by these viruses are asymptomatic. However, all three viruses are associated with moderate to severe health consequences in a small proportion of cases. Two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are among the world's most prominent arboviral vectors, and are known vectors for all three viruses in the Americas. OBJECTIVES:This review summarizes the state of the entomological literature surrounding the mosquito vectors of Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses and factors affecting virus transmission. The rationale of the review was to identify and characterize entomological studies that have been conducted in the Americas since the introduction of chikungunya virus in 2013, encompassing a period of arbovirus co-circulation, and guide future research based on identified knowledge gaps. METHODS:The preliminary search for this review was conducted on PubMed (National Library of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States). The search included the terms 'zika' OR 'dengue' OR 'chikungunya' AND 'vector' OR 'Aedes aegypti' OR 'Aedes albopictus'. The search was conducted on March 1st of 2018, and included all studies since January 1st of 2013. RESULTS:A total of 96 studies were included in the scoping review after initial screening and subsequent exclusion of out-of-scope studies, secondary data publications, and studies unavailable in English language. KEY FINDINGS:We observed a steady increase in number of publications, from 2013 to 2018, with half of all studies published from January 2017 to March 2018. Interestingly, information on Zika virus vector species composition was abundant, but sparse on Zika virus transmission dynamics. Few studies examined natural infection rates of Zika virus, vertical transmission, or co-infection with other viruses. This is in contrast to the wealth of research available on natural infection and co-infection for dengue and chikungunya viruses, although vertical transmission research was sparse for all three viruses.

Dataset Information

Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings.

Publications

Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings.

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