Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Three-dimensional simulation for fast forward flight of a calliope hummingbird.

ABSTRACT: We present a computational study of flapping-wing aerodynamics of a calliope hummingbird (Selasphorus calliope) during fast forward flight. Three-dimensional wing kinematics were incorporated into the model by extracting time-dependent wing position from high-speed videos of the bird flying in a wind tunnel at 8.3 m s(-1). The advance ratio, i.e. the ratio between flight speed and average wingtip speed, is around one. An immersed-boundary method was used to simulate flow around the wings and bird body. The result shows that both downstroke and upstroke in a wingbeat cycle produce significant thrust for the bird to overcome drag on the body, and such thrust production comes at price of negative lift induced during upstroke. This feature might be shared with bats, while being distinct from insects and other birds, including closely related swifts.

SUBMITTER: Song J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4929914 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Three-dimensional simulation for fast forward flight of a calliope hummingbird.

Song Jialei J Tobalske Bret W BW Powers Donald R DR Hedrick Tyson L TL Luo Haoxiang H

Royal Society open science 20160608 6

We present a computational study of flapping-wing aerodynamics of a calliope hummingbird (Selasphorus calliope) during fast forward flight. Three-dimensional wing kinematics were incorporated into the model by extracting time-dependent wing position from high-speed videos of the bird flying in a wind tunnel at 8.3 m s(-1). The advance ratio, i.e. the ratio between flight speed and average wingtip speed, is around one. An immersed-boundary method was used to simulate flow around the wings and bir ...[more]

PMID: 27429779

Similar Datasets

Three-dimensional flow and lift characteristics of a hovering ruby-throated hummingbird.

Project description:A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation is performed for a ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) in hovering flight. Realistic wing kinematics are adopted in the numerical model by reconstructing the wing motion from high-speed imaging data of the bird. Lift history and the three-dimensional flow pattern around the wing in full stroke cycles are captured in the simulation. Significant asymmetry is observed for lift production within a stroke cycle. In particular, the downstroke generates about 2.5 times as much vertical force as the upstroke, a result that confirms the estimate based on the measurement of the circulation in a previous experimental study. Associated with lift production is the similar power imbalance between the two half strokes. Further analysis shows that in addition to the angle of attack, wing velocity and surface area, drag-based force and wing-wake interaction also contribute significantly to the lift asymmetry. Though the wing-wake interaction could be beneficial for lift enhancement, the isolated stroke simulation shows that this benefit is buried by other opposing effects, e.g. presence of downwash. The leading-edge vortex is stable during the downstroke but may shed during the upstroke. Finally, the full-body simulation result shows that the effects of wing-wing interaction and wing-body interaction are small.

| S-EPMC4233705 | biostudies-literature

Into rude air: hummingbird flight performance in variable aerial environments.

Project description:Hummingbirds are well known for their ability to sustain hovering flight, but many other remarkable features of manoeuvrability characterize the more than 330 species of trochilid. Most research on hummingbird flight has been focused on either forward flight or hovering in otherwise non-perturbed air. In nature, however, hummingbirds fly through and must compensate for substantial environmental perturbation, including heavy rain, unpredictable updraughts and turbulent eddies. Here, we review recent studies on hummingbirds flying within challenging aerial environments, and discuss both the direct and indirect effects of unsteady environmental flows such as rain and von Kármán vortex streets. Both perturbation intensity and the spatio-temporal scale of disturbance (expressed with respect to characteristic body size) will influence mechanical responses of volant taxa. Most features of hummingbird manoeuvrability remain undescribed, as do evolutionary patterns of flight-related adaptation within the lineage. Trochilid flight performance under natural conditions far exceeds that of microair vehicles at similar scales, and the group as a whole presents many research opportunities for understanding aerial manoeuvrability.This article is part of the themed issue 'Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight'.

| S-EPMC4992711 | biostudies-literature

Time-Domain Simulation of Three Dimensional Quantum Wires.

Project description:A method is presented to calculate the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of quantum wires. This is a true three-dimensional method based on a direct implementation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It makes no approximations to the Schrödinger equation other than the finite-difference approximation of the space and time derivatives. The accuracy of our method is tested by comparing it to analytical results in a cylindrical wire.

| S-EPMC4849664 | biostudies-literature

Morphological and kinematic basis of the hummingbird flight stroke: scaling of flight muscle transmission ratio.

Project description:Hummingbirds (Trochilidae) are widely known for their insect-like flight strokes characterized by high wing beat frequency, small muscle strains and a highly supinated wing orientation during upstroke that allows for lift production in both halves of the stroke cycle. Here, we show that hummingbirds achieve these functional traits within the limits imposed by a vertebrate endoskeleton and muscle physiology by accentuating a wing inversion mechanism found in other birds and using long-axis rotational movement of the humerus. In hummingbirds, long-axis rotation of the humerus creates additional wing translational movement, supplementing that produced by the humeral elevation and depression movements of a typical avian flight stroke. This adaptation increases the wing-to-muscle-transmission ratio, and is emblematic of a widespread scaling trend among flying animals whereby wing-to-muscle-transmission ratio varies inversely with mass, allowing animals of vastly different sizes to accommodate aerodynamic, biomechanical and physiological constraints on muscle-powered flapping flight.

| S-EPMC3311889 | biostudies-other

Fast, three-dimensional super-resolution imaging of live cells.

Project description:We report super-resolution fluorescence imaging of live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). By labeling proteins either directly or via SNAP tags with photoswitchable dyes, we obtained two-dimensional (2D) and 3D super-resolution images of living cells, using clathrin-coated pits and the transferrin cargo as model systems. Bright, fast-switching probes enabled us to achieve 2D imaging at spatial resolutions of ?25 nm and temporal resolutions as fast as 0.5 s. We also demonstrated live-cell 3D super-resolution imaging. We obtained 3D spatial resolution of ?30 nm in the lateral direction and ?50 nm in the axial direction at time resolutions as fast as 1-2 s with several independent snapshots. Using photoswitchable dyes with distinct emission wavelengths, we also demonstrated two-color 3D super-resolution imaging in live cells. These imaging capabilities open a new window for characterizing cellular structures in living cells at the ultrastructural level.

| S-EPMC3137767 | biostudies-literature

Automated and fast building of three-dimensional RNA structures.

Project description:Building tertiary structures of non-coding RNA is required to understand their functions and design new molecules. Current algorithms of RNA tertiary structure prediction give satisfactory accuracy only for small size and simple topology and many of them need manual manipulation. Here, we present an automated and fast program, 3dRNA, for RNA tertiary structure prediction with reasonable accuracy for RNAs of larger size and complex topology.

| S-EPMC3471093 | biostudies-literature

Platelet dynamics in three-dimensional simulation of whole blood.

Project description:A high-fidelity computational model using a 3D immersed boundary method is used to study platelet dynamics in whole blood. We focus on the 3D effects of the platelet-red blood cell (RBC) interaction on platelet margination and near-wall dynamics in a shear flow. We find that the RBC distribution in whole blood becomes naturally anisotropic and creates local clusters and cavities. A platelet can enter a cavity and use it as an express lane for a fast margination toward the wall. Once near the wall, the 3D nature of the platelet-RBC interaction results in a significant platelet movement in the transverse (vorticity) direction and leads to anisotropic platelet diffusion within the RBC-depleted zone or cell-free layer (CFL). We find that the anisotropy in platelet motion further leads to the formation of platelet clusters, even in the absence of any platelet-platelet adhesion. The transverse motion, and the size and number of the platelet clusters are observed to increase with decreasing CFL thickness. The 3D nature of the platelet-RBC collision also induces fluctuations in off-shear plane orientation and, hence, a rotational diffusion of the platelets. Although most marginated platelets are observed to tumble just outside the RBC-rich zone, platelets further inside the CFL are observed to flow with an intermittent dynamics that alters between sliding and tumbling, as a result of the off-shear plane rotational diffusion, bringing them even closer to the wall. To our knowledge, these new findings are based on the fundamentally 3D nature of the platelet-RBC interaction, and they underscore the importance of using cellular-scale 3D models of whole blood to understand platelet margination and near-wall platelet dynamics.

| S-EPMC4052243 | biostudies-literature

Forward flight stability in a drone-fly.

Project description:Previous studies on forward flight stability in insects are for low to medium flight-speeds. In the present work, we investigated the stability problem for the full range of flight speeds (0-8.6 m/s) of a drone-fly. Our results show the following: The longitudinal derivatives due to the lateral motion are approximately 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the other longitudinal derivatives. Thus, we can decouple these two motions of the insect, as commonly done for a conventional airplane. At hovering flight, the motion of the dronefly is weakly unstable owing to two unstable natural modes of motion, a longitudinal one and a lateral one. At low (1.6 m/s) and medium (3.1 m/s) flight-speeds, the unstable modes become even weaker and the flight is approximately neutral. At high flight-speeds (4.6 m/s, 6.9 m/s and 8.6 m/s), the flight becomes more and more unstable due to an unstable longitudinal mode. At the highest flight speed, 8.6 m/s, the instability is so strong that the time constant representing the growth rate of the instability (disturbance-doubling time) is only 10.1 ms, which is close to the sensory reaction time of a fly (approximately 11 ms). This indicates that strong instability may play a role in limiting the flight speed of the insect.

| S-EPMC7005165 | biostudies-literature

Fast reconstruction and optical-sectioning three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy.

Project description:Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3DSIM) is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution. However, its time-consuming reconstruction process poses challenges for high-throughput imaging and real-time observation. Moreover, traditional 3DSIM typically requires more than six z layers for successful reconstruction and is susceptible to defocused backgrounds. This poses a great gap between single-layer 2DSIM and 6-layer 3DSIM, and limits the observation of thicker samples. To address these limitations, we developed FO-3DSIM, a novel method that integrates spatial-domain reconstruction with optical-sectioning SIM. FO-3DSIM enhances reconstruction speed by up to 855.7 times with superior performance with limited z layers and under high defocused backgrounds. It retains the high-fidelity, low-photon reconstruction capabilities of our previously proposed Open-3DSIM. Utilizing fast reconstruction and optical sectioning, we achieved large field-of-view (FOV) 3D super-resolution imaging of mouse kidney actin, covering a region of 0.453 mm × 0.453 mm × 2.75 μm within 23 min of acquisition and 13 min of reconstruction. Near real-time performance was demonstrated in live actin imaging with FO-3DSIM. Our approach reduces photodamage through limited z layer reconstruction, allowing the observation of ER tubes with just three layers. We anticipate that FO-3DSIM will pave the way for near real-time, large FOV 6D imaging, encompassing xyz super-resolution, multi-color, long-term, and polarization imaging with less photodamage, removed defocused backgrounds, and reduced reconstruction time.

| S-EPMC11846033 | biostudies-literature

Fast Three-Dimensional Single-Particle Tracking in Natural Brain Tissue.

Project description:Observation of molecular dynamics is often biased by the optical very heterogeneous environment of cells and complex tissue. Here, we have designed an algorithm that facilitates molecular dynamic analyses within brain slices. We adjust fast astigmatism-based three-dimensional single-particle tracking techniques to depth-dependent optical aberrations induced by the refractive index mismatch so that they are applicable to complex samples. In contrast to existing techniques, our online calibration method determines the aberration directly from the acquired two-dimensional image stream by exploiting the inherent particle movement and the redundancy introduced by the astigmatism. The method improves the positioning by reducing the systematic errors introduced by the aberrations, and allows correct derivation of the cellular morphology and molecular diffusion parameters in three dimensions independently of the imaging depth. No additional experimental effort for the user is required. Our method will be useful for many imaging configurations, which allow imaging in deep cellular structures.

| S-EPMC4601043 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data