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Epitope specificity of anti-HA2 antibodies induced in humans during influenza infection.

ABSTRACT: The conserved, fusion-active HA2 glycopolypeptide (HA2) subunit of influenza A hemagglutinin comprises four distinct antigenic sites. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing three of these sites are broadly cross-reactive and protective.This study aimed to establish whether antibodies specific to these three antigenic sites were elicited during a natural influenza infection or by vaccination of humans.Forty-five paired acute and convalescent sera from individuals with a confirmed influenza A (subtype H3) infection were examined for the presence of HA2-specific antibodies. The fraction of antibodies specific to three particular antigenic sites (designated IIF4, FC12, and CF2 here) was investigated using competitive enzyme immunoassay.Increased levels of antibodies specific to an ectodomain of HA2 (EHA2: N-terminal residues 23-185 of HA2) were detected in 73% of tested convalescent sera (33/45), while an increased level of antibodies specific to the HA2 fusion peptide (N-terminal residues 1-38) was induced in just 15/45 individuals (33%). Competitive assays confirmed that antibodies specific to the IIF4 epitope (within HA2 residues 125-175) prevailed in 86% (13/15) over those specific to the other two epitopes during infection. However, only a negligible increase in HA2-specific antibodies was detectable following vaccination with a current subunit vaccine.We observed that the antigenic site localized within N-terminal HA2 residues 125-175 was more immunogenic than that within residues 1-38 (HA2 fusion protein), although both are weak natural immunogens. We suggest that new anti-influenza vaccines should include HA2 (or specific epitopes localized within this glycopolypeptide) to enhance their cross-protective efficacy.

SUBMITTER: Stanekova Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4941695 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Epitope specificity of anti-HA2 antibodies induced in humans during influenza infection.

Staneková Zuzana Z Mucha Vojtech V Sládková Tatiana T Blaškovičová Hana H Kostolanský František F Varečková Eva E

Influenza and other respiratory viruses 20120112 6

<h4>Background</h4>The conserved, fusion-active HA2 glycopolypeptide (HA2) subunit of influenza A hemagglutinin comprises four distinct antigenic sites. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing three of these sites are broadly cross-reactive and protective.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aimed to establish whether antibodies specific to these three antigenic sites were elicited during a natural influenza infection or by vaccination of humans.<h4>Methods</h4>Forty-five paired acute and convalescent ...[more]

PMID: 22236105

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Project description:UnlabelledInfluenza remains a major global health burden. Seasonal vaccines offer protection but can be rendered less effective when the virus undergoes extensive antigenic drift. Antibodies that target the highly conserved hemagglutinin stalk can protect against drifted viruses, and vaccine constructs designed to induce such antibodies form the basis for a universal influenza virus vaccine approach. In this study, we analyzed baseline and postvaccination serum samples of children (6 to 59 months), adults (18 to 49 years), and elderly individuals (≥65 years) who participated in clinical trials with a recombinant hemagglutinin-based vaccine. We found that baseline IgG and IgA antibodies against the H1 stalk domain correlated with the ages of patients. Children generally had very low baseline titers and did not respond well to the vaccine in terms of making stalk-specific antibodies. Adults showed the highest induction of stalk-specific antibodies, but the elderly had the highest absolute antibody titers against the stalk. Importantly, the stalk antibodies measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed neutralizing activity in neutralization assays and protected mice in a passive-transfer model in a stalk titer-dependent manner. Finally, we found similar patterns of stalk-specific antibodies directed against the H3 and influenza B virus hemagglutinins, albeit at lower levels than those measured against the H1 stalk. The relatively high levels of stalk-specific antibodies in the elderly patients may explain the previously reported low influenza virus infection rates in this age group. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00336453, NCT00539981, and NCT00395174.)ImportanceThe present study provides evidence that titers of broadly neutralizing hemagglutinin stalk-reactive antibodies increase with age, possibly due to repeated exposure to divergent influenza viruses. These relatively high levels of antistalk titers may be responsible for lower circulation rates of influenza viruses in older individuals. Our findings suggest that the level of antistalk antibodies is a good surrogate marker for protection against influenza virus infection. In addition, the levels of antistalk antibodies might determine the breadth of protection against different drifted strains.

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Epitope specificity of anti-HA2 antibodies induced in humans during influenza infection.

Publications

Epitope specificity of anti-HA2 antibodies induced in humans during influenza infection.

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