Dataset Information

Physical Activity Benefits the Skeleton of Children Genetically Predisposed to Lower Bone Density in Adulthood.

ABSTRACT: Both genetics and physical activity (PA) contribute to bone mineral density (BMD), but it is unknown if the benefits of physical activity on childhood bone accretion depend on genetic risk. We, therefore, aimed to determine if PA influenced the effect of bone fragility genetic variants on BMD in childhood. Our sample comprised US children of European ancestry enrolled in the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (N?=?918, aged 5 to 19 years, and 52.4% female). We used a questionnaire to estimate hours per day spent in total, high-, and low-impact PA. We calculated a BMD genetic score (% BMD lowering alleles) using adult genome-wide association study (GWAS)-implicated BMD variants. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to estimate femoral neck, total hip, and spine areal-BMD and total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) Z-scores. The BMD genetic score was negatively associated with each bone Z-score (eg, TBLH-BMC: estimate?=?-0.03, p?=?1.3?×?10(-6) ). Total PA was positively associated with bone Z-scores; these associations were driven by time spent in high-impact PA (eg, TBLH-BMC: estimate?=?0.05, p?=?4.0?×?10(-10) ) and were observed even for children with lower than average bone Z-scores. We found no evidence of PA-adult genetic score interactions (p interaction > 0.05) at any skeletal site, and there was no evidence of PA-genetic score-Tanner stage interactions at any skeletal site (p interaction > 0.05). However, exploratory analyses at the individual variant level revealed that PA statistically interacted with rs2887571 (ERC1/WNT5B) to influence TBLH-BMC in males (p interaction?=?7.1?×?10(-5) ), where PA was associated with higher TBLH-BMC Z-score among the BMD-lowering allele carriers (rs2887571 AA homozygotes: estimate?=?0.08 [95% CI 0.06, 0.11], p?=?2.7?×?10(-9) ). In conclusion, the beneficial effect of PA on bone, especially high-impact PA, applies to the average child and those genetically predisposed to lower adult BMD (based on GWAS-implicated BMD variants). Independent replication of our exploratory individual variant findings is warranted. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

SUBMITTER: Mitchell JA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4970901 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physical Activity Benefits the Skeleton of Children Genetically Predisposed to Lower Bone Density in Adulthood.

Mitchell Jonathan A JA Chesi Alessandra A Elci Okan O McCormack Shana E SE Roy Sani M SM Kalkwarf Heidi J HJ Lappe Joan M JM Gilsanz Vicente V Oberfield Sharon E SE Shepherd John A JA Kelly Andrea A Grant Struan Fa SF Zemel Babette S BS

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 20160801 8

Both genetics and physical activity (PA) contribute to bone mineral density (BMD), but it is unknown if the benefits of physical activity on childhood bone accretion depend on genetic risk. We, therefore, aimed to determine if PA influenced the effect of bone fragility genetic variants on BMD in childhood. Our sample comprised US children of European ancestry enrolled in the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (N = 918, aged 5 to 19 years, and 52.4% female). We used a questionnaire to estima ...[more]

PMID: 27172274

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Project description:Osteoporosis is a complex disease with developmental origins. It is therefore important to understand the genetic contribution to pediatric areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Individual skeletal site phenotyping has been primarily used to identify pediatric aBMD loci. However, this approach is limited because there is a degree of aBMD discordance across skeletal sites. We therefore applied a novel multidimensional phenotyping approach to further understand the genetic regulation of pediatric aBMD. Our sample comprised a prospective, longitudinal cohort of 1293 children of European ancestry (52% female; up to seven annual measurements). Principal components analysis was applied to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived aBMD Z-scores for total hip, femoral neck, spine, and distal radius to generate multidimensional aBMD phenotypes (ie, principal component scores). We tested the association between a genetic score (percentage of bone lowering alleles at 63 loci) and each principal component. We also performed a genomewide association study (GWAS) using the multiethnic baseline data (n?=?1885) to identify novel loci associated with these principal components. The first component (PC1) reflected a concordant phenotypic model of the skeleton (eg, higher loading score?=?higher BMD across all sites). In contrast, PC2 was discordant for distal radius versus spine and hip aBMD, and PC3 was discordant for spine versus distal radius and hip aBMD. The genetic score was associated with PC1 (beta?=?-0.05, p?=?3.9?×?10-10 ), but was not associated with discordant PC2 or PC3. Our GWAS discovered variation near CPED1 that associated with PC2 (rs67991850, p?=?2.5?×?10-11 ) and near RAB11FIP5 (rs58649746, p?=?4.8?×?10-9 ) that associated with PC3. In conclusion, an established bone fragility genetic summary score was associated with a concordant skeletal phenotype, but not discordant skeletal phenotypes. Novel associations were observed for the discordant multidimensional skeletal phenotypes that provide new biological insights into the developing skeleton. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Dataset Information

Physical Activity Benefits the Skeleton of Children Genetically Predisposed to Lower Bone Density in Adulthood.

Publications

Physical Activity Benefits the Skeleton of Children Genetically Predisposed to Lower Bone Density in Adulthood.

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