Dataset Information

Targeted therapy in cancer.

ABSTRACT: To describe the emergence of targeted therapies that have led to significant breakthroughs in cancer therapy and completed or ongoing clinical trials of novel agents for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer.The literature was systematically reviewed, based on clinical experience and the use of technologies that improved our understanding of carcinogenesis.Genomics and model systems have enabled the validation of novel therapeutic strategies. Tumor molecular profiling has enabled the reclassification of cancer and elucidated some mechanisms of disease progression or resistance to treatment, the heterogeneity between primary and metastatic tumors, and the dynamic changes of tumor molecular profiling over time. Despite the notable technologic advances, there is a gap between the plethora of preclinical data and the lack of effective therapies, which is attributed to suboptimal drug development for "driver" alterations of human cancer, the high cost of clinical trials and available drugs, and limited access of patients to clinical trials. Bioinformatic analyses of complex data to characterize tumor biology, function, and the dynamic tumor changes in time and space may improve cancer diagnosis. The application of discoveries in cancer biology in clinic holds the promise to improve the clinical outcomes in a large scale of patients with cancer. Increased harmonization between discoveries, policies, and practices will expedite the development of anticancer drugs and will accelerate the implementation of precision medicine.Combinations of targeted, immunomodulating, antiangiogenic, or chemotherapeutic agents are in clinical development. Innovative adaptive study design is used to expedite effective drug development.

SUBMITTER: Tsimberidou AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4998041 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Targeted therapy in cancer.

Tsimberidou Apostolia-Maria AM

Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 20150921 6

<h4>Purpose</h4>To describe the emergence of targeted therapies that have led to significant breakthroughs in cancer therapy and completed or ongoing clinical trials of novel agents for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer.<h4>Methods</h4>The literature was systematically reviewed, based on clinical experience and the use of technologies that improved our understanding of carcinogenesis.<h4>Results</h4>Genomics and model systems have enabled the validation of novel therapeutic strategi ...[more]

PMID: 26391154

Similar Datasets

Project description:Renal cell cancer (RCC) has an increasing incidence internationally and is a disease for which there have been limited therapeutic options until recently. The last decade has seen a vastly improved understanding of the biological and clinical factors that predict the outcome of this disease. We now understand some of the different molecular underpinnings of renal clear cell carcinoma by mutation or silencing of the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene and subsequent deregulated proliferation and angiogenesis. Survival in advanced disease is predicted by factors (performance status, anemia, hypercalcemia, and serum lactate dehydrogenase, time from diagnosis to recurrence) incorporated into the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria (also referred to as 'Motzer' criteria). These criteria allow classification of patients with RCC into good, intermediate and poor risk categories with median overall survivals of 22 months, 12 months and 5.4 months, respectively. Predicated upon these advances, six new targeted drugs (sorafenib, sunitinib, temsirolimus, everolimus, bevacizumab and pazopanib) have been tested in well-designed phase III trials, selected or stratified for MSKCC risk criteria, with positive results. All of these new drugs act at least in part through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediated pathways with other potential therapeutic impact on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), raf kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Importantly, data from each of these trials show a consistent doubling of progression-free survival (PFS) over prior standard of care treatments. In addition, sorafenib, sunitinib and temsirolimus, have demonstrated significant overall survival (OS) benefits as well; further follow-up is required to determine whether the disease control exhibited by everolimus and pazopanib will translate into a survival advantage. These drugs are generally well tolerated, as demonstrated by quality-of-life improvement in clinical trials, and result in clinical benefit for in excess of 70% of patients treated. They have challenged the traditional outcomes of clinical trial design by achieving their benefits with relatively few radiographic responses, but high rates of disease stability. The unique side-effect profile coupled with the chronicity of therapy requires increased vigilance to maximize exposure to the drugs while maintaining quality of life and minimizing toxicity. This review focuses on the background, clinical development and practical use of these new drugs in RCC.

Dataset Information

Targeted therapy in cancer.

Publications

Targeted therapy in cancer.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets