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Regulation of muscle fiber type and running endurance by PPARdelta.

ABSTRACT: Endurance exercise training can promote an adaptive muscle fiber transformation and an increase of mitochondrial biogenesis by triggering scripted changes in gene expression. However, no transcription factor has yet been identified that can direct this process. We describe the engineering of a mouse capable of continuous running of up to twice the distance of a wild-type littermate. This was achieved by targeted expression of an activated form of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) in skeletal muscle, which induces a switch to form increased numbers of type I muscle fibers. Treatment of wild-type mice with PPARdelta agonist elicits a similar type I fiber gene expression profile in muscle. Moreover, these genetically generated fibers confer resistance to obesity with improved metabolic profiles, even in the absence of exercise. These results demonstrate that complex physiologic properties such as fatigue, endurance, and running capacity can be molecularly analyzed and manipulated.

SUBMITTER: Wang YX

PROVIDER: S-EPMC509410 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Regulation of muscle fiber type and running endurance by PPARdelta.

Wang Yong-Xu YX Zhang Chun-Li CL Yu Ruth T RT Cho Helen K HK Nelson Michael C MC Bayuga-Ocampo Corinne R CR Ham Jungyeob J Kang Heonjoong H Evans Ronald M RM

PLoS biology 20040824 10

Endurance exercise training can promote an adaptive muscle fiber transformation and an increase of mitochondrial biogenesis by triggering scripted changes in gene expression. However, no transcription factor has yet been identified that can direct this process. We describe the engineering of a mouse capable of continuous running of up to twice the distance of a wild-type littermate. This was achieved by targeted expression of an activated form of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta ...[more]

PMID: 15328533

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Project description:Subjects Eleven male volunteers (mean age 42.3 + 7.4 years; weight 73.9 + 7.7 kg, height 176.9 + 4.0 cm, body mass index (BMI) 23.6 + 2.1 kg/m2 and body fat: 17.7 + 4.3%) participated in this experiment. They were recruited among experienced ultra-endurance runners and all of them had run at least a race longer than 24 h or 4100 km. On average, they had 15.3 + 7.1 years of training history in running and 7.1 + 4.4 years of ultra-endurance experience. They reported to run an average of 80.5 + 11.7 km/week. Written informed consent was obtained from the subjects. The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol has been approved by the local ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est 1, France) and registered in http:// clinicaltrial.gov (# NCT 00428779). Procedures The subjects visited the laboratory twice, with each session separated by 3–4 weeks. All subjects had run at least three times on a motorized treadmill before taking part in the experiment. In the first session, body mass, height and percentage of body fat (measurements of skin-fold thickness) were measured. The subjects performed a maximal test on a motorized treadmill (Gymrol S2500, HEF Tecmachine, Andrezieux-Boutheon, France), to determine the anaerobic threshold VO2max and the velocity associated with VO2max. The initial velocity was set at 10 km/h and the first stage lasted 6 min. Then, the test consisted of a maximal discontinuous incremental test (slope 50%), where the speed was progressively increased by 1.5 km/h every 3 min, followed by 1 min of rest for the collection of blood samples from the finger tips. The second session consisted of the 24-h treadmill ultra-endurance running protocol (24TR). Subjects were asked to refrain from strenuous exercise for a week before the 24TR. The day of the experiment, all subjects ate the same lunch at noon. About 2 h before starting, a muscle biopsy was taken. Pre-exercise muscle biopsy samples (120 mg) were collected under local anesthesia from the superficial portion of the left vastus lateralis muscle using a percutaneous technique [Henriksson (1979) Acta Neurol Scand 59: 317–323]. A large well-organized fascicle of fibers was oriented and included in an embedding medium (Cryomount; Histolab, Göteborg, Sweden), frozen in isopentane, cooled to its freezing point in liquid nitrogen and stored in liquid nitrogen until further cryostat sectioning. The remaining pieces of the sample were rapidly frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen until protein analyses were performed. After the muscle biopsy procedure, the subjects rested for approximately 2 h and then they were asked to start the 24TR. Ten minutes after the start of the 24TR, subjects were asked to run 4 min at 8 km/h for measurements of running economy (RE). A slow speed was chosen for RE because the average speed over the 24TR was 7.9 + 1.0 km/h, and 8 km/h is representative of the pace over such an extreme exercise [Millet et al. (2009) Scand J Med Sci Sports 21: 54-61]. The food and water intakes during the 24TR were managed by the subjects as in a normal race. Post-exercise muscle biopsy samples (120 mg) were then collected as described above.

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Regulation of muscle fiber type and running endurance by PPARdelta.

Publications

Regulation of muscle fiber type and running endurance by PPARdelta.

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