Paracrine regulation of matrix metalloproteinases contributes to cancer cell invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma-secreted 14-3-3?.

ABSTRACT: 14-3-3? overexpression results in enhanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell migration and HCC tumor vascular-invasion is significantly associated with 14-3-3? expression. However, increased expression of 14-3-3? paradoxically suppresses in vitro cell invasion of HCC. We hypothesize that surrounding tumor-associated stromal cells play a crucial role in 14-3-3?-regulated HCC cell invasion. In this study, H68 fibroblasts, THP-1 and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-treated THP-1 (PMA-THP-1) cells were incubated with conditioned media of control (control-CM) and 14-3-3?-overepxressing cells (14-3-3?-CM), followed by co-culture with HCC cells. Invasiveness of HCC cells was examined by a Boyden chamber assay. HCC cells co-cultured with 14-3-3?-CM treated cells significantly enhanced their invasive ability compared with control-CM treated cells. Moreover, incubation with 14-3-3?-CM induced differential expression profiles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fibroblasts (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-12 and MMP-14), THP-1 (MMP-1 and MMP-12) and PMA-THP-1 cells (MMP-2, MMP-12 and MMP-14). In contrast, silencing of 14-3-3? by siRNA significantly abolished 14-3-3?-CM induced MMPs. In addition, treatment with recombinant 14-3-3? (r14-3-3?) protein exhibits a similar expression profile of MMPs induced by 14-3-3?-CM in fibroblasts, THP-1 and PMA-THP-1 cells. Finally, knockdown of aminopeptidase N (APN) significantly abrogated r14-3-3? induced expression of MMPs in HS68 fibroblasts. These results suggest that HCC-secreted 14-3-3? promotes expression of MMPs in cancerous surrounding cells via an APN dependent mechanism. 14-3-3? has a paracrine effect in educating stromal cells in tumor-associated microenvironment.

SUBMITTER: Liu CC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5095053 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature