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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Tolerance in Islet Transplantation.

ABSTRACT: Overcoming the immune response to establish durable immune tolerance in type 1 diabetes remains a substantial challenge. The ongoing effector immune response involves numerous immune cell types but is ultimately orchestrated and sustained by the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. We therefore hypothesized that tolerance induction also requires these pluripotent precursors. In this study, we determined that the tolerance-inducing agent anti-CD45RB induces HSC mobilization in nonautoimmune B6 mice but not in diabetes-prone NOD mice. Ablation of HSCs impaired tolerance to allogeneic islet transplants in B6 recipients. Mobilization of HSCs resulted in part from decreasing osteoblast expression of HSC retention factors. Furthermore, HSC mobilization required a functioning sympathetic nervous system; sympathectomy prevented HSC mobilization and completely abrogated tolerance induction. NOD HSCs were held in their niche by excess expression of CXCR4, which, when blocked, led to HSC mobilization and prolonged islet allograft survival. Overall, these findings indicate that the HSC compartment plays an underrecognized role in the establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance, and this role is disrupted in diabetes-prone NOD mice. Understanding the stem cell response to immune therapies in ongoing human clinical studies may help identify and maximize the effect of immune interventions for type 1 diabetes.

SUBMITTER: Stocks BT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5204317 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Tolerance in Islet Transplantation.

Stocks Blair T BT Thomas Analise B AB Elizer Sydney K SK Zhu Yuantee Y Marshall Andrew F AF Wilson Christopher S CS Moore Daniel J DJ

Diabetes 20161026 1

Overcoming the immune response to establish durable immune tolerance in type 1 diabetes remains a substantial challenge. The ongoing effector immune response involves numerous immune cell types but is ultimately orchestrated and sustained by the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. We therefore hypothesized that tolerance induction also requires these pluripotent precursors. In this study, we determined that the tolerance-inducing agent anti-CD45RB induces HSC mobilization in nonautoimmune B6 mi ...[more]

PMID: 27797908

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Project description:BackgroundGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mediated mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a well-established method to prepare HSCs for transplantation nowadays. A sufficient number of HSCs is critical for successful HSC transplantation. However, approximately 2-6% of healthy stem cell donors are G-CSF-poor mobilizers for unknown reasons; thus increasing the uncertainties of HSC transplantation. The mechanism underlining G-CSF-mediated HSC mobilization remains elusive, so detailed mechanisms and an enhanced HSC mobilization strategy are urgently needed. Evidence suggests that P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) are one of the cell-cell adhesion ligand-receptor pairs for HSCs to keep contacting bone marrow (BM) stromal cells before being mobilized into circulation. This study hypothesized that blockage of PSGL-1 and P-selectin may disrupt HSC-stromal cell interaction and facilitate HSC mobilization.MethodsThe plasma levels of soluble P-selectin (sP-sel) before and after G-CSF administration in humans and male C57BL/6J mice were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Male mice with P-selectin deficiency (Selp-/-) were further employed to investigate whether P-selectin is essential for G-CSF-induced HSC mobilization and determine which cell lineage is sP-sel derived from. Finally, wild-type mice were injected with either G-CSF or recombinant sP-sel to investigate whether sP-sel alone is sufficient for inducing HSC mobilization and whether it accomplishes this by binding to HSCs and disrupting their interaction with stromal cells in the BM.ResultsA significant increase in plasma sP-sel levels was observed in humans and mice following G-CSF administration. Treatments of G-CSF induced a decrease in the level of HSC mobilization in Selp-/- mice compared with the wild-type (Selp+/+) controls. Additionally, the transfer of platelets derived from wild-type mice can ameliorate the defected HSC mobilization in the Selp-/- recipients. G-CSF induces the release of sP-sel from platelets, which is sufficient to mobilize BM HSCs into the circulation of mice by disrupting the PSGL-1 and P-selectin interaction between HSCs and stromal cells. These results collectively suggested that P-selectin is a critical factor for G-CSF-induced HSC mobilization.ConclusionssP-sel was identified as a novel endogenous HSC-mobilizing agent. sP-sel injections achieved a relatively faster and more convenient regimen to mobilize HSCs in mice than G-CSF. These findings may serve as a reference for developing and optimizing human HSC mobilization in the future.

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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Tolerance in Islet Transplantation.

Publications

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Tolerance in Islet Transplantation.

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