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Cannabinoid CB₂ receptor ligand profiling reveals biased signalling and off-target activity.

ABSTRACT: The cannabinoid CB₂ receptor (CB₂R) represents a promising therapeutic target for various forms of tissue injury and inflammatory diseases. Although numerous compounds have been developed and widely used to target CB₂R, their selectivity, molecular mode of action and pharmacokinetic properties have been poorly characterized. Here we report the most extensive characterization of the molecular pharmacology of the most widely used CB₂R ligands to date. In a collaborative effort between multiple academic and industry laboratories, we identify marked differences in the ability of certain agonists to activate distinct signalling pathways and to cause off-target effects. We reach a consensus that HU910, HU308 and JWH133 are the recommended selective CB₂R agonists to study the role of CB₂R in biological and disease processes. We believe that our unique approach would be highly suitable for the characterization of other therapeutic targets in drug discovery research.

SUBMITTER: Soethoudt M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5216056 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cannabinoid CB2 receptor ligand profiling reveals biased signalling and off-target activity.

Soethoudt Marjolein M Grether Uwe U Fingerle Jürgen J Grim Travis W TW Fezza Filomena F de Petrocellis Luciano L Ullmer Christoph C Rothenhäusler Benno B Perret Camille C van Gils Noortje N Finlay David D MacDonald Christa C Chicca Andrea A Gens Marianela Dalghi MD Stuart Jordyn J de Vries Henk H Mastrangelo Nicolina N Xia Lizi L Alachouzos Georgios G Baggelaar Marc P MP Martella Andrea A Mock Elliot D ED Deng Hui H Heitman Laura H LH Connor Mark M Di Marzo Vincenzo V Gertsch Jürg J Lichtman Aron H AH Maccarrone Mauro M Pacher Pal P Glass Michelle M van der Stelt Mario M

Nature communications 20170103

The cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) represents a promising therapeutic target for various forms of tissue injury and inflammatory diseases. Although numerous compounds have been developed and widely used to target CB2R, their selectivity, molecular mode of action and pharmacokinetic properties have been poorly characterized. Here we report the most extensive characterization of the molecular pharmacology of the most widely used CB2R ligands to date. In ...[more]

PMID: 28045021

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Project description:Background: The endocannabinoid system is present in multiple organ systems and is involved in smooth muscle regulation, immune function, neuroendocrine modulation, and metabolism of tissues. Limited data are available regarding the presence and role of this system in reproductive tissues. Components of the endocannabinoid system have been identified in myometrial and placental tissues. However, no study has investigated differential expression of the endocannabinoid system in labor. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify two components of the endocannabinoid system, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1a (CRIP1a) in uterine and placental tissues, and to determine if there is differential expression in tissues exposed to labor. We hypothesized that CB1 cannabinoid receptor concentration would be altered in uterine and placental tissue exposed to labor compared with tissues not exposed to labor. Study Design: Uterine and placental tissue samples were collected in nine laboring and 11 nonlaboring women undergoing cesarean delivery. CB1 cannabinoid receptor and CRIP1a presence and quantification were evaluated using western blot, immunohistochemistry, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Statistical comparisons of laboring and nonlaboring subjects were made for uterine and placental tissue using a Mann-Whitney test. Results: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining for CB1 cannabinoid receptors and CRIP1a in uterine tissue. The protein abundance of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in uterine tissue was significantly lower in tissues exposed to labor (p=0.01). The protein abundance of CRIP1a was lower in uterine tissue exposed to labor but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.06). mRNA expression of CB1 cannabinoid receptor (p=0.20) and CRIP1a (p=0.63) did not differ in labored compared with nonlabored uterine tissues. Conclusions: Our findings of diminished protein density of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in uterine tissue exposed to labor support the hypothesis that the endocannabinoid system plays a role in parturition. Our data add to the growing body of evidence indicating the endocannabinoid system is of importance for successful reproduction and support the need for additional research investigating this complex system as it pertains to labor. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03752021.

Project description:Introduction: Overdose fatalities associated with the opioid epidemic are predictably attributable to drug-induced respiratory depression. In terms of illicit opioid abuse, fentanyl is the synthetic opioid responsible for the largest number of overdose deaths. There is, therefore, an urgent need to identify safe and effective therapeutics that can attenuate fentanyl-induced respiratory depression. Identification of effective alternate analgesic strategies that lessen the respiratory depression associated with narcotics would also help improve current strategies for pain management. Our laboratory recently reported that the G protein-biased CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist LY2828360 suppressed chemotherapy-induced neuropathic nociception and attenuated both morphine tolerance and physical dependence in paclitaxel-treated mice. However, the impact of LY2828360 on other undesirable side effects of opioids, such as opioid-induced respiratory depression, remains unknown. Materials and Methods: We used whole-body plethysmography to assess the impact of the CB2 cannabinoid agonist LY2828360 on fentanyl-induced respiratory depression using wild-type (WT) and CB2 knockout (CB2KO) mice. Results: Fentanyl reduced minute ventilation and respiratory frequency without altering tidal volume in both WT and CB2KO mice. In WT mice, the high dose of fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.]) produced a greater suppression of respiratory parameters compared with the low dose of fentanyl (0.1 mg/kg i.p.). Coadministration of a behaviorally active dose of LY2828360 (3 mg/kg i.p.) with fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg i.p.) attenuated fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in WT mice. Notably, LY2828360 (3 mg/kg i.p.) did not attenuate fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in CB2KO mice, consistent with mediation by CB2 receptors. Moreover, LY2828360 (3 mg/kg i.p.) alone lacked intrinsic effects on respiratory parameters in either WT or CB2KO mice. Conclusion: The combination of a CB2 agonist with fentanyl may represent a safer adjunctive therapeutic strategy compared with a narcotic analgesic alone by attenuating the development of opioid-induced respiratory depression. Moreover, the CB2 agonist, administered alone, did not alter respiration. Our findings suggest that the CB2 cannabinoid agonist LY2828360 may provide CB2-mediated protection against fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, a detrimental and unwanted side effect of opioid use and abuse.

Dataset Information

Cannabinoid CB₂ receptor ligand profiling reveals biased signalling and off-target activity.

Publications

Cannabinoid CB<sub>2</sub> receptor ligand profiling reveals biased signalling and off-target activity.

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