Dataset Information

Functional Selectivity of a Biased Cannabinoid-1 Receptor (CB₁R) Antagonist.

ABSTRACT: Seven-transmembrane receptors signal via G-protein- and β-arrestin-dependent pathways. We describe a peripheral CB₁R antagonist (MRI-1891) highly biased toward inhibiting CB₁R-induced β-arrestin-2 (βArr2) recruitment over G-protein activation. In obese wild-type and βArr2-knockout (KO) mice, MRI-1891 treatment reduces food intake and body weight without eliciting anxiety even at a high dose causing partial brain CB₁R occupancy. By contrast, the unbiased global CB₁R antagonist rimonabant elicits anxiety in both strains, indicating no βArr2 involvement. Interestingly, obesity-induced muscle insulin resistance is improved by MRI-1891 in wild-type but not in βArr2-KO mice. In C2C12 myoblasts, CB₁R activation suppresses insulin-induced akt-2 phosphorylation, preventable by MRI-1891, βArr2 knockdown or overexpression of CB₁R-interacting protein. MRI-1891, but not rimonabant, interacts with nonpolar residues on the N-terminal loop, including F108, and on transmembrane helix-1, including S123, a combination that facilitates βArr2 bias. Thus, CB₁R promotes muscle insulin resistance via βArr2 signaling, selectively mitigated by a biased CB₁R antagonist at reduced risk of central nervous system (CNS) side effects.

SUBMITTER: Liu Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8204328 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Functional Selectivity of a Biased Cannabinoid-1 Receptor (CB1R) Antagonist.

Liu Ziyi Z Iyer Malliga R MR Godlewski Grzegorz G Jourdan Tony T Liu Jie J Coffey Nathan J NJ Zawatsky Charles N CN Puhl Henry L HL Wess Jürgen J Meister Jaroslawna J Liow Jeih-San JS Innis Robert B RB Hassan Sergio A SA Lee Yong Sok YS Kunos George G Cinar Resat R

ACS pharmacology & translational science 20210408 3

Seven-transmembrane receptors signal via G-protein- and β-arrestin-dependent pathways. We describe a peripheral CB1R antagonist (MRI-1891) highly biased toward inhibiting CB1R-induced β-arrestin-2 (βArr2) recruitment over G-protein activation. In obese wild-type and βArr2-knockout (KO) mice, MRI-1891 treatment reduces food intake and body weight without eliciting anxiety even at a high dose causing partial brain CB1R occupancy. By contrast, the unbiased global CB ...[more]

PMID: 34151207

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Project description:Receptor internalization increases the flexibility and scope of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors undergo internalization after sustained exposure to agonists. However, it is not known whether different agonists internalize CB(2) to different extents. Because CB(2) is a promising therapeutic target, understanding its trafficking in response to different agonists is necessary for a complete understanding of its biology. Here we profile a number of cannabinoid receptor ligands and provide evidence for marked functional selectivity of cannabinoid receptor internalization. Classic, aminoalkylindole, bicyclic, cannabilactone, iminothiazole cannabinoid, and endocannabinoid ligands varied greatly in their effects on CB(1) and CB(2) trafficking. Our most striking finding was that (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo-[1,2,3-d,e]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenyl-methanone (WIN55,212-2) (and other aminoalkylindoles) failed to promote CB(2) receptor internalization, whereas 5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-(5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexyl)phenol (CP55,940) robustly internalized CB(2) receptors. Furthermore, WIN55,212-2 competitively antagonized CP55,940-induced CB(2) internalization. Despite these differences in internalization, both compounds activated CB(2) receptors as measured by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and recruitment of β-arrestin(2) to the membrane. In contrast, whereas CP55,940 inhibited voltage-gated calcium channels via CB(2) receptor activation, WIN55,212-2 was ineffective on its own and antagonized the effects of CP55,940. On the basis of the differences we found between these two ligands, we also tested the effects of other cannabinoids on these signaling pathways and found additional evidence for functional selectivity of CB(2) ligands. These novel data highlight that WIN55,212-2 and other cannabinoids show strong functional selectivity at CB(2) receptors and suggest that different classes of CB(2) ligands may produce diverse physiological effects, emphasizing that each class needs to be separately evaluated for therapeutic efficacy.

Project description:Background: The endocannabinoid system is present in multiple organ systems and is involved in smooth muscle regulation, immune function, neuroendocrine modulation, and metabolism of tissues. Limited data are available regarding the presence and role of this system in reproductive tissues. Components of the endocannabinoid system have been identified in myometrial and placental tissues. However, no study has investigated differential expression of the endocannabinoid system in labor. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify two components of the endocannabinoid system, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1a (CRIP1a) in uterine and placental tissues, and to determine if there is differential expression in tissues exposed to labor. We hypothesized that CB1 cannabinoid receptor concentration would be altered in uterine and placental tissue exposed to labor compared with tissues not exposed to labor. Study Design: Uterine and placental tissue samples were collected in nine laboring and 11 nonlaboring women undergoing cesarean delivery. CB1 cannabinoid receptor and CRIP1a presence and quantification were evaluated using western blot, immunohistochemistry, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Statistical comparisons of laboring and nonlaboring subjects were made for uterine and placental tissue using a Mann-Whitney test. Results: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining for CB1 cannabinoid receptors and CRIP1a in uterine tissue. The protein abundance of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in uterine tissue was significantly lower in tissues exposed to labor (p=0.01). The protein abundance of CRIP1a was lower in uterine tissue exposed to labor but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.06). mRNA expression of CB1 cannabinoid receptor (p=0.20) and CRIP1a (p=0.63) did not differ in labored compared with nonlabored uterine tissues. Conclusions: Our findings of diminished protein density of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in uterine tissue exposed to labor support the hypothesis that the endocannabinoid system plays a role in parturition. Our data add to the growing body of evidence indicating the endocannabinoid system is of importance for successful reproduction and support the need for additional research investigating this complex system as it pertains to labor. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03752021.

Dataset Information

Functional Selectivity of a Biased Cannabinoid-1 Receptor (CB₁R) Antagonist.

Publications

Functional Selectivity of a Biased Cannabinoid-1 Receptor (CB<sub>1</sub>R) Antagonist.

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