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Peptide Macrocyclization Inspired by Non-Ribosomal Imine Natural Products.

ABSTRACT: A thermodynamic approach to peptide macrocyclization inspired by the cyclization of non-ribosomal peptide aldehydes is presented. The method provides access to structurally diverse macrocycles by exploiting the reactivity of transient macrocyclic peptide imines toward inter- and intramolecular nucleophiles. Reactions are performed in aqueous media, in the absence of side chain protecting groups, and are tolerant of all proteinogenic functional groups. Macrocyclic products bearing non-native and rigidifying structural motifs, isotopic labels, and a variety of bioorthogonal handles are prepared, along with analogues of four distinct natural products. Structural interrogation of the linear and macrocyclic peptides using variable-temperature NMR and circular dichroism suggests that preorganization of linear substrates is not a prerequisite for macrocyclization.

SUBMITTER: Malins LR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5391502 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Peptide Macrocyclization Inspired by Non-Ribosomal Imine Natural Products.

Malins Lara R LR deGruyter Justine N JN Robbins Kevin J KJ Scola Paul M PM Eastgate Martin D MD Ghadiri M Reza MR Baran Phil S PS

Journal of the American Chemical Society 20170331 14

A thermodynamic approach to peptide macrocyclization inspired by the cyclization of non-ribosomal peptide aldehydes is presented. The method provides access to structurally diverse macrocycles by exploiting the reactivity of transient macrocyclic peptide imines toward inter- and intramolecular nucleophiles. Reactions are performed in aqueous media, in the absence of side chain protecting groups, and are tolerant of all proteinogenic functional groups. Macrocyclic products bearing non-native and ...[more]

PMID: 28326777

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Project description:Ribosomally synthesized and Post-translationally modified Peptides (RiPPs) take advantage of the ribosomal translation machinery to generate linear peptides that are subsequently modified with heterocycles and/or macrocycles to impose three-dimensional structure and thwart degradation by proteases. Although RiPP precursors are limited to proteinogenic amino acids, post-translational modifications (PTMs) can alter the structure of individual amino acids and thereby improve the stability and biological activity of the molecule. These "tailoring modifications" often occur on amino acid side chains-for example, hydroxylation, methylation, halogenation, prenylation, and acylation-but can also take place within the backbone, as in epimerization, or can result in capping of the N- or C-terminus. At one extreme, these modifications can be essential to the activity of the RiPP, either as a compulsory step in reaching the final molecule or by imparting chemical functionality required for biological activity. At the other extreme, tailoring PTMs may have little effect on the activity in an in vitro setting-possibly because of test conditions that do not match the biological context in which the PTMs evolved. Establishing the molecular basis for the function of tailoring PTMs often requires a three-dimensional structure of the RiPP bound to its biological target. These structures have revealed roles for tailoring PTMs that include providing additional hydrogen bonds to targets, rigidifying the RiPP structure to reduce the entropic cost of binding, or altering the secondary structure of the peptide backbone. Bacterial RiPPs are particularly suited to structural characterization, as they are relatively easy to isolate from laboratory cultures or to produce in a heterologous host. The identification of new tailoring PTMs within bacteria is also facilitated by clustering of the genes encoding tailoring enzymes with those of the RiPP precursor and primary modification enzymes. In this Account, we describe the effects of tailoring PTMs on RiPP structure, their interactions with biological targets, and their influence on RiPP stability, with a focus on bacterial RiPP classes. We also discuss the enzymes that generate tailoring PTMs and highlight examples of and prospects for engineering of RiPPs.

Dataset Information

Peptide Macrocyclization Inspired by Non-Ribosomal Imine Natural Products.

Publications

Peptide Macrocyclization Inspired by Non-Ribosomal Imine Natural Products.

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