Dataset Information

Hierarchal order in the formation of chloroplast division machinery in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

ABSTRACT: Chloroplasts have evolved from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont and multiply by dividing. Chloroplast division is performed by constriction of the ring-like protein complex (the PD machinery), which forms at the division site. The PD machinery is composed of cyanobacteria-descended components such as FtsZ and eukaryote-derived proteins such as the dynamin-related protein, DRP5B. In the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, FtsZ ring formation on the stromal side precedes PDR1 and DRP5B ring formation on the cytosolic side. In this study, we impaired FtsZ ring formation in C. merolae by overexpressing FtsZ just before FtsZ ring formation. As a result, PDR1 and DRP5B failed to localize at the chloroplast division site, suggesting that FtsZ ring formation is required for the PDR1 and DRP5B rings. We further found, by expressing a dominant negative form of DRP5B, that DRP5B ring formation begins on the nuclear side of the chloroplast division site. These findings provide insight into how the PD machinery forms in red algae.

SUBMITTER: Sumiya N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5398205 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hierarchal order in the formation of chloroplast division machinery in the red alga <i>Cyanidioschyzon merolae</i>.

Sumiya Nobuko N Miyagishima Shin-Ya SY

Communicative & integrative biology 20170217 2

Chloroplasts have evolved from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont and multiply by dividing. Chloroplast division is performed by constriction of the ring-like protein complex (the PD machinery), which forms at the division site. The PD machinery is composed of cyanobacteria-descended components such as FtsZ and eukaryote-derived proteins such as the dynamin-related protein, DRP5B. In the red alga <i>Cyanidioschyzon merolae</i>, FtsZ ring formation on the stromal side precedes PDR1 and DRP5B ring form ...[more]

PMID: 28451055

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Project description:In many eukaryotes, cytokinesis proceeds in two successive steps: first, ingression of the cleavage furrow and second, abscission of the intercellular bridge. In animal cells, the actomyosin contractile ring is involved in the first step, while the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), which participates in various membrane fusion/fission events, mediates the second step. Intriguingly, in archaea, ESCRT is involved in cytokinesis, raising the hypothesis that the function of ESCRT in eukaryotic cytokinesis descended from the archaeal ancestor. In eukaryotes other than in animals, the roles of ESCRT in cytokinesis are poorly understood. To explore the primordial core mechanisms for eukaryotic cytokinesis, we investigated ESCRT functions in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae that diverged early in eukaryotic evolution. C. merolae provides an excellent experimental system. The cell has a simple organelle composition. The genome (16.5 Mb, 5335 genes) has been completely sequenced, transformation methods are established, and the cell cycle is synchronized by a light and dark cycle. Similar to animal and fungal cells, C. merolae cells divide by furrowing at the division site followed by abscission of the intercellular bridge. However, they lack an actomyosin contractile ring. The proteins that comprise ESCRT-I-IV, the four subcomplexes of ESCRT, are partially conserved in C. merolae. Immunofluorescence of native or tagged proteins localized the homologs of the five ESCRT-III components [charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) 1, 2, and 4-6], apoptosis-linked gene-2-interacting protein X (ALIX), the ESCRT-III adapter, and the main ESCRT-IV player vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) 4, to the intercellular bridge. In addition, ALIX was enriched around the cleavage furrow early in cytokinesis. When the ESCRT function was perturbed by expressing dominant-negative VPS4, cells with an elongated intercellular bridge accumulated-a phenotype resulting from abscission failure. Our results show that ESCRT mediates cytokinetic abscission in C. merolae. The fact that ESCRT plays a role in cytokinesis in archaea, animals, and early diverged alga C. merolae supports the hypothesis that the function of ESCRT in cytokinesis descended from archaea to a common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Dataset Information

Hierarchal order in the formation of chloroplast division machinery in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

Publications

Hierarchal order in the formation of chloroplast division machinery in the red alga <i>Cyanidioschyzon merolae</i>.

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