Dataset Information

Production of Cow's Milk Free from Beta-Casein A1 and Its Application in the Manufacturing of Specialized Foods for Early Infant Nutrition.

ABSTRACT: Beta-casein (BC) is frequently expressed as BC A2 and BC A1 in cow's milk. Gastrointestinal digestion of BC A1 results in the release of the opioid peptide beta-casomorphin 7 (BCM7) which is less likely to occur from BC A2. This work was aimed to produce milk containing BC A2 with no BC A1 (BC A2 milk) using genetically selected CSN2 A2A2 Jersey cows. Additionally, we aimed to develop an infant formula (IF) suitable for healthy full-term infants during the first six months of life based on BC A2 milk. The concentration of BCM7 released from BC A2 IF, from commercially available IFs as well as from human milk and raw cow's milk was evaluated after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID). BC A2 IF presented the lowest mean relative abundance of BC A1 (IF 1 = 0.136 ± 0.010), compared with three commercially available IFs (IF 2 = 0.597 ± 0.020; IF 3 = 0.441 ± 0.014; IF 4 = 0.503 ± 0.011). Accordingly, SGID of whole casein fraction from BC A2 IF resulted in a significantly lower release of BCM7 (IF 1 = 0.860 ± 0.014 µg/100 mL) compared to commercially available IFs (IF 2 = 2.625 ± 0.042 µg/100 mL; IF 3 = 1.693 ± 0.012 µg/100 mL; IF 4 = 1.962 ± 0.067 µg/100 mL). Nevertheless, BCM7 levels from BC A2 IF were significantly higher than those found in SGID hydrolysates of BC A2 raw milk (0.742 ± 0.008 µg/100 mL). Interestingly, results showed that BCM7 was also present in human milk in significantly lower amounts (0.697 ± 0.007 µg/100 mL) than those observed in IF 1 and BC A2 milk. This work demonstrates that using BC A2 milk in IF formulation significantly reduces BCM7 formation during SGID. Clinical implications of BC A2 IF on early infant health and development need further investigations.

SUBMITTER: Duarte-Vazquez MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5532557 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Production of Cow's Milk Free from Beta-Casein A1 and Its Application in the Manufacturing of Specialized Foods for Early Infant Nutrition.

Duarte-Vázquez Miguel Á MÁ García-Ugalde Carlos C Villegas-Gutiérrez Laura M LM García-Almendárez Blanca E BE Rosado Jorge L JL

Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 20170712 7

Beta-casein (BC) is frequently expressed as BC A2 and BC A1 in cow's milk. Gastrointestinal digestion of BC A1 results in the release of the opioid peptide beta-casomorphin 7 (BCM7) which is less likely to occur from BC A2. This work was aimed to produce milk containing BC A2 with no BC A1 (BC A2 milk) using genetically selected CSN2 A2A2 Jersey cows. Additionally, we aimed to develop an infant formula (IF) suitable for healthy full-term infants during the first six months of life based on BC A2 ...[more]

PMID: 28704923

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Project description:BackgroundA major protein component of cow's milk is β-casein. The most frequent variants in dairy herds are A1 and A2. Recent studies showed that milk containing A1 β-casein promoted intestinal inflammation and exacerbated gastrointestinal symptoms. However, the acute gastrointestinal effects of A1 β-casein have not been investigated. This study compared the gastrointestinal effects of milk containing A1 and A2 β-casein versus A2 β-casein alone in Chinese adults with self-reported lactose intolerance.MethodsIn this randomised, crossover, double-blind trial, with a 3-day dairy washout period at baseline, subjects were randomised to consume 300 mL of milk containing A1 and A2 β-casein (ratio 58:42; conventional milk) or A2 β-casein alone; subjects consumed the alternative product after a 7-day washout period. Urine galactose was measured at baseline after a 15 g lactose load. Subjects completed 9-point visual analogue scales for gastrointestinal symptoms (borborygmus, flatulence, bloating, abdominal pain, stool frequency, and stool consistency) at baseline and at 1, 3, and 12 h after milk consumption.ResultsA total of 600 subjects were included. All six symptom scores at 1 and 3 h were significantly lower after consuming A2 β-casein versus conventional milk (all P<0.0001). At 12 h, significant differences remained for bloating, abdominal pain, stool frequency, and stool consistency (all P<0.0001). Symptom scores were consistently lower with A2 β-casein in both lactose absorbers (urinary galactose ≥0.27 mmol/L) and lactose malabsorbers (urinary galactose <0.27 mmol/L).ConclusionMilk containing A2 β-casein attenuated acute gastrointestinal symptoms of milk intolerance, while conventional milk containing A1 β-casein reduced lactase activity and increased gastrointestinal symptoms compared with milk containing A2 β-casein. Thus, milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms may result from the ingestion of A1 β-casein rather than lactose in some individuals.Trial registrationNCT02878876 , registered August 16, 2016. Retrospectively registered.

Project description:BackgroundIn case of cow's milk allergy (CMA), pediatric guidelines recommend for children the use of extensively hydrolyzed formulas (eHFs) as elimination diet. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the hypoallergenicity of each specific eHF should be tested in subjects with CMA.MethodsA prospective, multicenter trial was performed to assess the tolerance/hypoallergenicity of a thickened casein-based eHF (eHCF, Allernova AR®, United Pharmaceuticals, France) in infants aged <12 months with CMA proven by a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge. Its efficacy, measured through allergy symptoms monitoring and Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) calculation, and safety were evaluated during a 4-month feeding period. Growth z-scores were computed based on WHO anthropometric data.ResultsThirty infants (mean age: 4.8 ± 3.0 months) with CMA proven by a DBPCFC tolerated the eHCF during the 4-month study. The CoMiSS, crying and regurgitation scores significantly decreased by 4.2 ± 4.0, 0.9 ±1.2 and 0.7 ± 1.1 respectively, after 14 days of feeding (p < 0.001). The Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index, of 33.2 ± 14.8 at inclusion in 9 patients, significantly decreased by 15.5 ± 6.7 and 21.1 ± 11.2, after 14 and 45 days of feeding, respectively (p < 0.001). The percentage of infants having normal stool consistency (soft or formed stools) significantly improved from 66.7 % (20/30) at inclusion to 90.0 % (27/30) after 14 days of feeding (p = 0.020). The growth z-scores, negative at study inclusion, significantly improved over the 4-month study. No adverse event was related to the eHCF.ConclusionThe thickened eHCF was tolerated by more than 90 % of included allergic infants with 95 % confidence interval and can therefore be considered as hypoallergenic in accordance with current guidelines. The improvement of growth indices and absence of related adverse events confirmed its safety. Results of this trial back the use of the tested thickened eHCF as an efficient and safe alternative in children with CMA.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02351531 , registered on 27 January 2015.

Project description:BackgroundCurrent guidelines emphasize early introduction to potentially allergenic foods, but the optimal timing, amount, and exposure routes for foods other than peanut are not well-established. Cow's milk is often the first allergenic food introduced through infant formulas.ObjectiveTo examine timing of cow's milk protein introduction (CMPI), including interaction with formula supplementation after delivery, in relation to reported cow's milk adverse reactions throughout childhood.MethodsAmong children in the Boston, Mass-area Project Viva cohort, we assessed timing of CMPI (<2 weeks, 2 weeks-<6 months, ≥6 months) with questionnaires administered in infancy. Outcomes were (1) parent-reported cow's milk adverse reactions via annual questionnaires from age 2 to 13 years (n = 1298) and (2) milk sensitization (n = 505) and IgE-mediated milk allergy (n = 491) at age approximately 8 years. We used multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for parental atopy history, delivery mode, gestational age at delivery, child race, and census tract median household income, and investigated effect modification by ever/never breast-fed status and formula supplementation in the delivery hospital.ResultsA total of 32% were introduced to cow's milk protein at age less than 2 weeks, 38% at age 2 weeks to less than 6 months, and 30% at age 6 months or more. Compared with children with CMPI at age less than 2 weeks, children with CMPI at age 6 months or more had a higher risk of cow's milk adverse reaction at age 2 to 5 years (odds ratio, 2.4 [1.2-4.7]). Children given formula after delivery + CMPI at age less than 2 weeks had the lowest risk overall. Among children not given formula after delivery, CMPI at age 2 weeks to 6 months appeared most protective. Results were similar among ever-breast-fed children. Timing of CMPI was not associated with milk sensitization or IgE-mediated milk allergy in mid-childhood.ConclusionsEarly, consistent cow's milk exposure appears protective against adverse reactions to cow's milk.

Dataset Information

Production of Cow's Milk Free from Beta-Casein A1 and Its Application in the Manufacturing of Specialized Foods for Early Infant Nutrition.

Publications

Production of Cow's Milk Free from Beta-Casein A1 and Its Application in the Manufacturing of Specialized Foods for Early Infant Nutrition.

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