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Bio-implant as a novel restoration for tooth loss.

ABSTRACT: A dental implant is used to replace a missing tooth. Fixing the implant in its natural position requires the engineering of a substantial amount of conformal bone growth inside the implant socket, osseointegration. However, this conventional implant attachment does not include the periodontal ligament (PDL), which has a fundamental role in cushioning high mechanical loads. As a result, tooth implants have a shorter lifetime than the natural tooth and have a high chance of infections. We have engineered a "bio-implant" that provides a living PDL connection for titanium implants. The bio-implant consists of a hydroxyapatite coated titanium screw, ensheathed in cell sheets made from immortalized human periodontal cells. Bio-implants were transplanted into the upper first molar region of a tooth-extraction mouse model. Within 8 weeks the bio-implant generated fibrous connective tissue, a localised blood vessel network and new bone growth fused into the alveolar bone socket. The study presents a bio-implant engineered with human cells, specialised for the root connection, and resulted in the partial reconstruction of a naturalised tooth attachment complex (periodontium), consisting of all the principal tissue types, cementum, PDL and alveolar bone.

SUBMITTER: Lee DJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5547161 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bio-implant as a novel restoration for tooth loss.

Lee Dong-Joon DJ Lee Jong-Min JM Kim Eun-Jung EJ Takata Takashi T Abiko Yoshihiro Y Okano Teruo T Green David W DW Shimono Masaki M Jung Han-Sung HS

Scientific reports 20170807 1

A dental implant is used to replace a missing tooth. Fixing the implant in its natural position requires the engineering of a substantial amount of conformal bone growth inside the implant socket, osseointegration. However, this conventional implant attachment does not include the periodontal ligament (PDL), which has a fundamental role in cushioning high mechanical loads. As a result, tooth implants have a shorter lifetime than the natural tooth and have a high chance of infections. We have eng ...[more]

PMID: 28784994

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Project description:BackgroundOral implants have helped clinicians to improve the quality of life for many patients. The material of choice for dental implants currently remains titanium type IV, whose mechanical and biological properties have been proven throughout the history of implantology. Yet, this material is not exempt from complications. For these reasons, ceramic alternatives to titanium have emerged. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate peri-implant hard and soft tissue stability with the use of a one-piece ceramic implant (Straumann® PURE Ceramic Implant) during 1 year of follow-up.Study designOne-piece all-ceramic zirconia (ZrO2) implants were placed to replace single missing teeth in the esthetic zone. Six to 8 weeks after the procedure, the definitive prosthesis was fabricated. At the time of prosthesis, placement (T0) photographs and periapical radiographs were taken, and the following clinical parameters were recorded: probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration on probing (SOP), distance from gingival margin to incisal edge (GM-IE), and Jemt papilla index (JPI). Follow-up appointments were scheduled at 4 (T4), 8 (T8), and 12 (T12) months, when the same parameters were recorded. In addition, plaque control was reinforced and prophylaxis was carried out. In this last appointment, a final periapical radiograph was taken to assess marginal bone loss.ResultsA total of 32 zirconia implants were placed in 28 patients (16 women and 12 men, aged between 34 and 67 years). The survival and success rate were 96.9%. The increase in probing depth from baseline to 12 months was 0.78 mm. Assessments of plaque index and bleeding on probing showed a slight increase throughout the study.ConclusionsThe results obtained with the Straumann® PURE Ceramic implants show them to exhibit very good clinical behavior. The survival rate of the implants of our pilot study was 96.9%. For these reasons, we can say that zirconia implants could be an alternative to titanium implants in the esthetic zone.

Project description:ObjectiveAssess the ability of an antimicrobial drug-releasing resin adhesive, containing octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT)-silica co-assembled particles (DSPs), to enhance the biostability and preserve the interfacial fracture toughness (FT) of composite restorations bonded to dentin. Enzyme-catalyzed degradation compromises the dental restoration-tooth interface, increasing cariogenic bacterial infiltration. In addition to bacterial ingress inhibition, antimicrobial-releasing adhesives may exhibit direct interfacial biodegradation inhibition as an additional benefit.MethodsMini short-rod restoration bonding specimens with total-etch adhesive with/without 10% wt. DSPs were made. Interfacial fracture toughness (FT) was measured as-manufactured or post-incubation in simulated human salivary esterase (SHSE) for up to 6-months. Effect of OCT on SHSE and whole saliva/bacterial enzyme activity was assessed. Release of OCT outside the restoration interface was assessed.ResultsNo deleterious effect of DSPs on initial bonding capacity was observed. Aging specimens in SHSE reduced FT of control but not DSP-adhesive-bonded specimens. OCT inhibited SHSE degradation of adhesive monomer and may inhibit endogenous proteases. OCT inhibited bacterial esterase and collagenase. No endogenous collagen breakdown was detected in the present study. OCT increased human saliva degradative esterase activity below its minimum inhibitory concentration towards S. mutans (MIC), but inhibited degradation above MIC. OCT release outside restoration margins was below detection.SignificanceDSP-adhesive preserves the restoration bond through a secondary enzyme-inhibitory effect of released OCT, which is virtually confined to the restoration interface microgap. Enzyme activity modulation may produce a positive-to-negative feedback switch, by increasing OCT concentration via biodegradation-triggered release to an effective dose, then subsequently slowing degradation and degradation-triggered release.

Project description:Relentless mining operations have destroyed our environment significantly. Soil inhabiting microbes play a significant role in ecological restoration of these areas. Microbial weathering processes like chemical dissolution of rocks significantly promotes the soil properties and enhances the rock to soil ratio respectively. Earlier studies have reported that bacteria exhibit efficient rock-dissolution abilities by releasing organic acids and other chemical elements from the silicate rocks. However, rock-dissolving mechanisms of the bacterium remain to be unclear till date. Thus, we have performed rock-dissolution experiments followed by genome and transcriptome sequencing of novel Pseudomonas sp.NLX-4 strain to explore the efficiency of microbe-mediated habitat restoration and its molecular mechanisms underlying this biological process. Results obtained from initial rock dissolution experiments revealed that Pseudomonas sp. NLX-4 strain efficiently accelerates the dissolution of silicate rocks by secreting amino acids, exopolysaccharides, and organic acids with elevated concentrations of potassium, silicon and aluminium elements. The rock dissolution experiments of NLX-4 strain exhibited an initial increase in particle diameter variation values between 0-15 days and decline after 15 days-time respectively. The 6,771,445-base pair NLX-4 genome exhibited 63.21 GC percentage respectively with a total of 6041 protein coding genes. Genome wide annotations of NLX-4 strain exhibits 5045-COG, 3996-GO, 5342-InterPro, 4386-KEGG proteins respectively Transcriptome analysis of NLX-4 cultured with/without silicate rocks resulted in 539 (288-up and 251-down) differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Fifteen DEGs encoding for siderophore transport, EPS and amino acids synthesis, organic acids metabolism, and bacterial resistance to adverse environmental conditions were highly up-regulated by cultured with silicate rocks. This study has not only provided a new strategy for the ecological restoration of rock mining areas, but also enriched the applicable bacterial and genetic resources.

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Bio-implant as a novel restoration for tooth loss.

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Bio-implant as a novel restoration for tooth loss.

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