Dataset Information

Cigarette smoking and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

The role of cigarette smoking as an independent risk factor for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is controversial. We attempted to provide evidence of a reliable association between cigarette smoking and the risk of NPC.

Design

Meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed online and the Cochrane Library of relevant studies published up to February 2016.

Eligibility criteria

All studies had to evaluate the relationship between NPC and cigarette smoking with never smokers as the reference group.

Outcomes

The primary outcome was the adjusted OR, RR or HR of NPC patients comparing smoking with never-smoking; the second was the crude OR, RR or HR.

Results

We identified 17 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies including 5960 NPC cases and 429?464 subjects. Compared with never smokers, current smokers and ever smokers had a 59% and a 56% greater risk of NPC, respectively. A dose-response relationship was identified in that the risk estimate rose by 15% (p<0.001) with every additional 10 pack-years of smoking, and risk increased with intensity of cigarette smoking (>30 cigarettes per day). Significantly increased risk was only found among male smokers (OR, 1.36; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.60), not among female smokers (OR, 1.58; 95%?CI 0.99 to 2.53). Significantly increased risk also existed in the differentiated (OR, 2.34; 95%?CI 1.77 to 3.09) and the undifferentiated type of NPC (OR, 1.15; 95%?CI 0.90 to 1.46). Moreover, people who started smoking at younger age (<18?years) had a greater risk than those starting later for developing NPC (OR, 1.78; 95%?CI 1.41 to 2.25).

Conclusions

Cigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of NPC, especially for young smokers. However, we did not find statistical significant risks of NPC in women and in undifferentiated type, which might warrant further researches.

SUBMITTER: Long M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5640018 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Cigarette smoking and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

Long Mengjuan M Fu Zhenming Z Li Ping P Nie Zhihua Z

BMJ open 20171005 10

<h4>Objective</h4>The role of cigarette smoking as an independent risk factor for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is controversial. We attempted to provide evidence of a reliable association between cigarette smoking and the risk of NPC.<h4>Design</h4>Meta-analysis.<h4>Data sources</h4>PubMed online and the Cochrane Library of relevant studies published up to February 2016.<h4>Eligibility criteria</h4>All studies had to evaluate the relationship between NPC and cigarette smoking wit ...[more]

PMID: 28982817

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Project description:The adult myeloid diseases, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia, have been reported to be associated with cigarette smoking, but the results have been conflicting. Previous studies may have ignored the relationship between myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia, where approximately one-third of myelodysplastic syndrome cases will progress to acute myeloid leukemia, which could induce a serious bias in independent analyses. For the purposes of researching pathogenesis, we suggest that myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia should be regarded as a single class of adult myeloid disease, and herein assessed the relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk of adult myeloid disease.The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for reports published from 1990 to 2015. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality and the extracted data. The odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios (OR), a sensitivity analysis, and the publication bias were analyzed using the CMA v2 (Comprehensive Meta Analysis Version 2) software program.Twenty-five studies were included in this meta-analysis. The publication dates ranged from 1990 to 2014. The pooled OR in current smokers and ever-smokers showed an increased risk of adult myeloid disease, with ORs of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.30-1.62; p<0.001) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.15-1.32; p<0.001) versus non-smokers, respectively. In the subset analyses, the OR of adult myeloid disease was increased regardless of the form of disease, geographical region, NOS (Newcastle Ottawa Scale) score, and source of controls. The smoking status was divided into <20 and ?20 cigarettes per day, and these groups had ORs of developing adult myeloid disease of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.09-1.40; p = 0.001) and 1.32 (95% CI, 1.14-1.53; p<0.001), respectively. In the groups divided based on the number of years the subjects had smoked (<20 and ?20 years), the ORs were 1.05 (95% CI, 0.90-1.23; p = 0.25) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.16-1.45; p<0.001), respectively. Similarly, <20 and ?20 pack-years were associated with ORs of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.03-1.29; p = 0.017) and 1.34 (95% CI, 1.18-1.52; p<0.001), respectively.This meta-analysis, for the first time, combined myelodysplastic syndrome with acute myeloid leukemia to assess the overall risk of adult myeloid disease, and it demonstrated that cigarette smoking is associated with a significantly increased risk of adult myeloid disease.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Observational studies suggested that tobacco smoking was associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the results were conflicting and inconsistent. In the study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between tobacco smoking and the development of DN. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) from database inception until Mar 8, 2018, and updated our search on May 1, 2018. We screened the reference lists of the retrieved articles. Only original prospective cohort studies which have investigated the association between smoking and DN incidence or its progression were included. Pooled HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. RESULTS:A total of 9 prospective cohort studies were identified, including more than 203337 participants. Compared with those of no smoking, smoking participants increased the risk of developing DN (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13, P = 0.01). The subgroup analysis showed that the current and total smoking may increase the risk of DN, but these results did not reach statistical significance (current: HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.79-3.64, p = 0.17; total: HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.97-1.41, p = 0.10), whereas former smoking significantly increased the risk of DN (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03-1.05, p<0.001). Compared with no-smokers, smokers showed an elevated risk of developing DN (HR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11, P = 0.05). In patients with T2DM, those who smoked were at an increased risk of developing DN, as compared to those who had never smoked (HR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11, P = 0.05). However, compared to no smoking, smoking did not increase the risk of DN development in patients with T2DM (HR = 1.15; 95% CI, 0.9-1.47, P = 0.25). Univariate and multivariate meta-regression did not find any confounding factors. No publication bias was found in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS:The present study highlighted that smoking was an independent risk factor for DN, especially in patients with T1DM. This is the first meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to discuss the relationship between smoking and DN.

Dataset Information

Cigarette smoking and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

Objective

Design

Data sources

Eligibility criteria

Outcomes

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Cigarette smoking and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

Similar Datasets

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