Acute effects of exercise on appetite, ad libitum energy intake and appetite-regulatory hormones in lean and overweight/obese men and women.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Acute exercise does not elicit compensatory changes in appetite parameters in lean individuals; however, less is known about responses in overweight individuals. This study compared the acute effects of moderate-intensity exercise on appetite, energy intake and appetite-regulatory hormones in lean and overweight/obese individuals.

Methods

Forty-seven healthy lean (n=22, 11 females; mean (s.d.) 37.5 (15.2) years; 22.4 (1.5) kg?m^-2) and overweight/obese (n=25, 11 females; 45.0 (12.4) years, 29.2 (2.9) kg?m^-2) individuals completed two, 8 h trials (exercise and control). In the exercise trial, participants completed 60?min treadmill exercise (59 (4)% peak oxygen uptake) at 0-1?h and rested thereafter while participants rested throughout the control trial. Appetite ratings and concentrations of acylated ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured at predetermined intervals. Standardised meals were consumed at 1.5 and 4?h and an ad libitum buffet meal was provided at 7?h.

Results

Exercise suppressed appetite (95% confidence interval (CI) -3.1 to -0.5?mm, P=0.01), and elevated delta PYY (95% CI 10 to 17?pg ml^-1, P<0.001) and GLP-1 (95% CI 7 to 10?pmol?l^-1, P<0.001) concentrations. Delta acylated ghrelin concentrations (95% CI -5 to 3?pg?ml^-1, P=0.76) and ad libitum energy intake (95% CI -391 to 346?kJ, P=0.90) were similar between trials. Subjective and hormonal appetite parameters and ad libitum energy intake were similar between lean and overweight/obese individuals (P?0.27). The exercise-induced elevation in delta GLP-1 was greater in overweight/obese individuals (trial-by-group interaction P=0.01), whereas lean individuals exhibited a greater exercise-induced increase in delta PYY (trial-by-group interaction P<0.001).

Conclusions

Acute moderate-intensity exercise transiently suppressed appetite and increased PYY and GLP-1 in the hours after exercise without stimulating compensatory changes in appetite in lean or overweight/obese individuals. These findings underscore the ability of exercise to induce a short-term energy deficit without any compensatory effects on appetite regardless of weight status.

SUBMITTER: Douglas JA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5729348 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature