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Preventive Inhibition of Liver Tumorigenesis by Systemic Activation of Innate Immune Functions.

ABSTRACT: Liver cancer has become the second most deadly malignant disease, with no efficient targeted or immune therapeutic agents available yet. While dissecting the roles of cytoplasmic signaling molecules in hepatocarcinogenesis using an inducible mouse gene targeting system, Mx1-cre, we identified a potent liver tumor-inhibitory effect of synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (pIC), an inducer of the Mx1-cre system. Injection of pIC at the pre-cancer stage robustly suppressed liver tumorigenesis either induced by chemical carcinogens or by Pten loss and associated hepatosteatosis. The immunostimulatory dsRNA inhibited liver cancer initiation, apparently by boosting multiple anti-tumor activities of innate immunity, including induction of immunoregulatory cytokines, activation of NK cells and dendritic cells, and reprogramming of macrophage polarization. This study paves the way for the development of preventive and early interfering strategies for liver cancer to reduce the rapidly increasing incidences of liver cancer in an ever-growing population with chronic liver disorders.

SUBMITTER: Lee J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5737819 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Preventive Inhibition of Liver Tumorigenesis by Systemic Activation of Innate Immune Functions.

Lee Jin J Liao Rui R Wang Gaowei G Yang Bi-Huei BH Luo Xiaolin X Varki Nissi M NM Qiu Shuang-Jian SJ Ren Bing B Fu Wenxian W Feng Gen-Sheng GS

Cell reports 20171101 7

Liver cancer has become the second most deadly malignant disease, with no efficient targeted or immune therapeutic agents available yet. While dissecting the roles of cytoplasmic signaling molecules in hepatocarcinogenesis using an inducible mouse gene targeting system, Mx1-cre, we identified a potent liver tumor-inhibitory effect of synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (pIC), an inducer of the Mx1-cre system. Injection of pIC at the pre-cancer stage robustly su ...[more]

PMID: 29141219

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Project description:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Glycogen synthase kinase 3? (Gsk3? [Gsk3b]) is a ubiquitously expressed kinase with distinctive functions in different types of cells. Although its roles in regulating innate immune activation and ischaemia and reperfusion injuries (IRIs) have been well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous, in part because of the lack of cell-specific tools in vivo. METHODS:We created a myeloid-specific Gsk3b knockout (KO) strain to study the function of Gsk3? in macrophages in a murine liver partial warm ischaemia model. RESULTS:Compared with controls, myeloid Gsk3b KO mice were protected from IRI, with diminished proinflammatory but enhanced anti-inflammatory immune responses in livers. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, Gsk3? deficiency resulted in an early reduction of Tnf gene transcription but sustained increase of Il10 gene transcription on Toll-like receptor 4 stimulation in vitro. These effects were associated with enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which led to an accelerated and higher level of induction of the novel innate immune negative regulator small heterodimer partner (SHP [Nr0b2]). The regulatory function of Gsk3? on AMPK activation and SHP induction was confirmed in wild-type bone marrow-derived macrophages with a Gsk3 inhibitor. Furthermore, we found that this immune regulatory mechanism was independent of Gsk3? Ser9 phosphorylation and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signalling pathway. In vivo, myeloid Gsk3? deficiency facilitated SHP upregulation by ischaemia-reperfusion in liver macrophages. Treatment of Gsk3b KO mice with either AMPK inhibitor or SHP small interfering RNA before the onset of liver ischaemia restored liver proinflammatory immune activation and IRI in these otherwise protected hosts. Additionally, pharmacological activation of AMPK protected wild-type mice from liver IRI, with reduced proinflammatory immune activation. Inhibition of the AMPK-SHP pathway by liver ischaemia was demonstrated in tumour resection patients. CONCLUSIONS:Gsk3? promotes innate proinflammatory immune activation by restraining AMPK activation. LAY SUMMARY:Glycogen synthase kinase 3? promotes macrophage inflammatory activation by inhibiting the immune regulatory signalling of AMP-activated protein kinase and the induction of small heterodimer partner. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of glycogen synthase kinase 3? enhances innate immune regulation and protects liver from ischaemia and reperfusion injury.

Dataset Information

Preventive Inhibition of Liver Tumorigenesis by Systemic Activation of Innate Immune Functions.

Publications

Preventive Inhibition of Liver Tumorigenesis by Systemic Activation of Innate Immune Functions.

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