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Variable-Intensity Simulated Team-Sport Exercise Increases Daily Protein Requirements in Active Males.

ABSTRACT: Protein requirements are generally increased in strength and endurance trained athletes relative to their sedentary peers. However, less is known about the daily requirement for this important macronutrient in individuals performing variable intensity, stop-and-go type exercise that is typical for team sport athletes. The objective of the present study was to determine protein requirements in active, trained adult males performing a simulated soccer match using the minimally invasive indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method. After 2?days of controlled diet (1.2?g?kg-1?day-1 protein), seven trained males (23?±?1?years; 177.5?±?6.7?cm; 82.3?±?6.1?kg; 13.5%?±?4.7% body fat; 52.3?±?5.9?ml O2?kg-1?min-1; mean?±?SD) performed an acute bout of variable intensity exercise in the form of a modified Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (4?×?15?min of exercise over 75?min). Immediately after exercise, hourly meals were consumed providing a variable amount of protein (0.2-2.6?g?kg-1?day-1) and sufficient energy and carbohydrate (6?g?kg-1?day-1). Protein was provided as a crystalline amino acids modeled after egg protein with the exception of phenylalanine and tyrosine, which were provided in excess to ensure the metabolic partitioning of the indicator amino acid (i.e., [1-13C]phenylalanine included within the phenylalanine intake) was directed toward oxidation when protein intake was limiting. Whole body phenylalanine flux and 13CO2 excretion (F13CO2) were determined at metabolic and isotopic steady state from urine and breath samples, respectively. Biphasic linear regression analysis was performed on F13CO2 to determine the estimated average requirement (EAR) for protein with a safe intake defined as the upper 95% confidence interval. Phenylalanine flux was not impacted by protein intake (P?=?0.45). Bi-phase linear regression (R2?=?0.64) of F13CO2 resulted in an EAR and safe intake of 1.20 and 1.40?g?kg-1?day-1, respectively. Variable intensity exercise increases daily protein requirements compared to the safe intake determined by nitrogen balance (0.83?g?kg-1?day-1) and IAAO (1.24?g?kg-1?day-1) but is within the range (i.e., 1.2-2.0?g?kg-1?day-1) of current consensus statements on general recommendations for athletes. Clinical Trial registration:This trial was registered June 18, 2015 at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02478814.

SUBMITTER: Packer JE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5742662 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Variable-Intensity Simulated Team-Sport Exercise Increases Daily Protein Requirements in Active Males.

Packer Jeffrey E JE Wooding Denise J DJ Kato Hiroyuki H Courtney-Martin Glenda G Pencharz Paul B PB Moore Daniel R DR

Frontiers in nutrition 20171221

Protein requirements are generally increased in strength and endurance trained athletes relative to their sedentary peers. However, less is known about the daily requirement for this important macronutrient in individuals performing variable intensity, stop-and-go type exercise that is typical for team sport athletes. The objective of the present study was to determine protein requirements in active, trained adult males performing a simulated soccer match using the minimally invasive indicator a ...[more]

PMID: 29312948

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Project description:The primary objective of the current study was to determine the effect of moderate normobaric hypoxia exposure during constant load cycling on post-exercise energy metabolism recorded in normoxia. Indirect calorimetry was used to examine whole body substrate oxidation before, during, 40-60 min post, and 22 h after performing 60 min of cycling exercise at two different fractions of inspired oxygen (FIO2): (i) FIO2 = 0.2091 (normoxia) and (ii) FIO2 = 0.15 (hypoxia). Seven active healthy male participants (26 ± 4 years of age) completed both experimental trials in randomized order with a 7-day washout period to avoid carryover effects between conditions. Resting energy expenditure was initially elevated following cycling exercise in normoxia and hypoxia (Δ 0.14 ± 0.05, kcal min-1, p = 0.037; Δ 0.19 ± 0.03 kcal min-1, p < 0.001, respectively), but returned to baseline levels the next morning in both conditions. Although, the same absolute workload was used in both environmental conditions (157 ± 10 W), a shift in resting substrate oxidation occurred after exercise performed in hypoxia while post-exercise measurements were similar to baseline after cycling exercise in normoxia. The additional metabolic stress of hypoxia exposure was sufficient to increase the rate of lipid oxidation (Δ 42 ± 11 mg min-1, p = 0.019) and tended to suppress carbohydrate oxidation (Δ -55 ± 26 mg min-1, p = 0.076) 40-60 min post-exercise. This shift in substrate oxidation persisted the next morning, where lipid oxidation remained elevated (Δ 9 ± 3 mg min-1, p = 0.0357) and carbohydrate oxidation was suppressed (Δ -22 ± 6 mg min-1, p = 0.019). In conclusion, prior exercise performed under moderate normobaric hypoxia alters post-exercise energy metabolism. This is an important consideration when evaluating the metabolic consequences of hypoxia exposure during prolonged exercise, and future studies should evaluate its role in the beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia training observed in persons with obesity and insulin resistance.

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Dataset Information

Variable-Intensity Simulated Team-Sport Exercise Increases Daily Protein Requirements in Active Males.

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Variable-Intensity Simulated Team-Sport Exercise Increases Daily Protein Requirements in Active Males.

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