Corrigendum: Taheebo Polyphenols Attenuate FFA-Induced Inflammation in Murine and Human Macrophage Cell Lines As Inhibitor of COX-2.
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SUBMITTER: Ma S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5797579 | biostudies-literature | 2018
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Corrigendum: Taheebo Polyphenols Attenuate FFA-Induced Inflammation in Murine and Human Macrophage Cell Lines As Inhibitor of COX-2.
Ma Sihui S Yada Koichi K Lee Hyunjin H Fukuda Youichi Y Iida Akira A Suzuki Katsuhiko K
Frontiers in nutrition 20180130
[This corrects the article on p. 63 in vol. 4, PMID: 29312947.]. ...[more]
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Project description:Aim of study:Taheebo polyphenols (TP) are water extracts of Tabebuia spp. (Bignoniaceae), taken from the inner bark of the Tabebuia avellanedae tree, used extensively as folk medicine in Central and South America. Some anti-inflammatory drugs act by inhibiting both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and COX-1 enzymes. COX-2 syntheses prostaglandin (PG) E2, which is a species of endogenous pain-producing substance, whereas COX-1 acts as a house-keeping enzyme. Inhibiting both COX-1 and -2 simultaneously can have side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding and renal dysfunction. Some polyphenols have been reported for its selective inhibiting activity toward COX-2 expression. Our study aimed to demonstrate the potential and mechanisms of TP as an anti-inflammation action without the side effects of COX-1 inhibition. Materials and methods:Free fatty acid-stimulated macrophage cell lines were employed to mimic macrophage behaviors during lifestyle-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA. Griess assay was used to measure the production of nitric oxide (NO). ELISA was used to measure PG E2 production. Molecular docking was adopted to analyze the interactions between compounds from T. avellanedae and COX-2. Results:TP significantly suppressed the production of NO production, blocked the mRNA expression of iNOS, and COX-2 in both cell lines, blocked the mRNA expression of TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, and PGE2 in the murine cell line. However, there was no inhibitory effect on COX-1. Molecular docking result indicated that the inhibitory effects of TP on COX-2 and PGE2 could be attributed to acteoside, which is the main compound of TP that could bind to the catalytic zone of COX-2. After the interaction, catalytic ability of COX-2 is possibly inhibited, followed by which PGE2 production is attenuated. COX inhibitor screening assay showed TP as a selective inhibitor of COX-2 enzyme. Conclusion:The anti-inflammatory effects of TP can possibly regulate macrophages due to the targeted inhibition of COX-2 activity, without affecting COX-1 activity with other anti-inflammatory effects including suppression of iNOS and inflammatory cytokines. As such, TP is potentially useful in prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related disease by attenuating inflammation caused by macrophages infiltration.
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Project description:Targeting macrophages for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes is an attractive approach applicable to multiple diseases. Here, we present a theranostic nanoemulsion platform for simultaneous delivery of an anti-inflammatory drug (celecoxib) to macrophages and monitoring of macrophage migration patterns by optical imaging, as measurement of changes in inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effect of the theranostic nanoemulsions was evaluated in a mouse inflammation model induced with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Nanoemulsions showed greater accumulation in the inflamed vs. control paw, with histology confirming their specific localization in CD68 positive macrophages expressing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) compared to neutrophils. With a single dose administration of the celecoxib-loaded theranostic, we observed a reduction in fluorescence in the paw with time, corresponding to a reduction in macrophage infiltration. Our data strongly suggest that delivery of select agents to infiltrating macrophages can potentially lead to new treatments of inflammatory diseases where macrophage behavior changes are monitored in vivo.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Tea polyphenols (TPs) attenuate obesity related liver inflammation; however, the anti-obesity effects and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not clearly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory TPs mechanisms associated with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels, and obesity-related gene response in dogs. RESULTS:Dogs fed TPs displayed significantly decreased (p?< 0.01) mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to dogs that consumed high-fat diet (HFD) alone. TPs significantly (p?< 0.01) inhibited COX-2 and iNOS expression level, and decreased liver fat content and degeneration. CONCLUSION:These results suggested that TPs act as a therapeutic agent for obesity, liver inflammation, and fat degeneration via COX-2 and iNOS inhibition, with TNF-?, IL-1?, and IL-6 involvement.
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2010-07-01 | E-GEOD-5003 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Biofilms are complex communities of bacteria encased in a matrix composed primarily of polysaccharides, extracellular DNA, and protein. Staphylococcus aureus can form biofilm infections, which are often debilitating due to their chronicity and recalcitrance to antibiotic therapy. Currently, the immune mechanisms elicited during biofilm growth and their impact on bacterial clearance remain to be defined. We used a mouse model of catheter-associated biofilm infection to assess the functional importance of TLR2 and TLR9 in the host immune response during biofilm formation, because ligands for both receptors are present within the biofilm. Interestingly, neither TLR2 nor TLR9 impacted bacterial density or inflammatory mediator secretion during biofilm growth in vivo, suggesting that S. aureus biofilms circumvent these traditional bacterial recognition pathways. Several potential mechanisms were identified to account for biofilm evasion of innate immunity, including significant reductions in IL-1?, TNF-?, CXCL2, and CCL2 expression during biofilm infection compared with the wound healing response elicited by sterile catheters, limited macrophage invasion into biofilms in vivo, and a skewing of the immune response away from a microbicidal phenotype as evidenced by decreases in inducible NO synthase expression concomitant with robust arginase-1 induction. Coculture studies of macrophages with S. aureus biofilms in vitro revealed that macrophages successful at biofilm invasion displayed limited phagocytosis and gene expression patterns reminiscent of alternatively activated M2 macrophages. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that S. aureus biofilms are capable of attenuating traditional host proinflammatory responses, which may explain why biofilm infections persist in an immunocompetent host.
| S-EPMC3110737 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Total RNA was prepared from three independent experimental replicates using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen) and validated by northern blot. Microarray experiments were performed with 20-25 ?g of total RNA, which was labelled with fluorescent nucleotides and hybridized to murine cDNA slides. Hybridized slides were interrogated via an Agilent scanner. Set of arrays organized by shared biological context, such as organism, tumors types, processes, etc. Keywords: Logical Set
2006-06-07 | GSE5003 | GEO
Project description:IL-18 is a pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine of the IL-1 family. IL-18 has been identified as a potent IFN-γ inducer in synergy with IL-12 and IL-15 and thus as a powerful Th1 cell-polarizing cytokine. IL-18 activity is regulated by its naturally occurring soluble inhibitor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), the production of which is stimulated by IFN-γ in a negative feedback loop. Circulating levels of IL-18BP are elevated, and unbound bioactive free IL-18 is thus not detectable in the circulation in physiologic conditions. However, emerging evidence indicates that the IL-18/IL-18BP balance could be dysregulated in macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), as mirrored by the presence of free IL-18 in the circulation of patients with MAS. Herein, we sought to identify IL-18BP-producing cells in a murine CpG-induced MAS model using IL-18BP knock-in tdTomato reporter mice. Endothelial cells, tissue-resident macrophages, and neutrophils appeared as major cellular sources of IL-18BP. We also identified extramedullary and medullary early erythroid progenitors as IL-18BP-producing cells in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. This finding suggests a novel regulation of IL-18 activity by erythroid precursors, which are likely involved in the prevention of the negative effects of IL-18 on erythropoiesis. Indeed, coherent in vivo and in vitro results indicate that IL-18 indirectly impairs erythropoiesis while favoring myelopoiesis and thus contributes to anemia associated with MAS and potentially with other IL-18-driven inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, IL-18BP production by endothelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and erythroid precursors attenuates the anemia associated with murine CpG-induced MAS.
| S-EPMC7614543 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inflammation-associated enzyme, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). The poor survival of GBM was mainly associated with the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC) and the markedly inflammatory microenvironment. To further explore the involvement of COX-2 in glioma biology, the effects of NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, were evaluated on GSC derived from COX-2 expressing GBM cell lines, i.e., U87MG and T98G, in terms of neurospheres' growth, autophagy, and extracellular vesicle (EV) release. Methods:Neurospheres' growth and morphology were evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Autophagy was measured by staining acidic vesicular organelles. Extracellular vesicles (EV), released from neurospheres, were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The autophagic proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B, as well as the EV markers CD63 and CD81, were analyzed by western blotting. The scratch assay test was used to evaluate the NS398 influence on GBM cell migration. Results:Both cell lines were strongly influenced by NS398 exposure, as showed by morphological changes, reduced growth rate, and appearance of autophagy. Furthermore, the inhibitor led to a functional change of EV released by neurospheres. Indeed, EV secreted by NS398-treated GSC, but not those from control cells, were able to significantly inhibit adherent U87MG and T98G cell migration and induced autophagy in recipient cells, thus leading to effects quite similar to those directly caused by NS398 in the same cells. Conclusion:Despite the intrinsic diversity and individual genetic features of U87MG and T98G, comparable effects were exerted by the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on both GBM cell lines. Overall, our findings support the crucial role of the inflammatory-associated COX-2/PGE2 system in glioma and glioma stem cell biology.
| S-EPMC7222447 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveCurrent research has reported that obesity is a chronic inflammatory state, which is closely related with excessive accumulation of free fatty acid, while the specific mechanism that high level of FFA causes inflammation is not very clear. Thus, our research intended to observe the high FFA effects on TLR9/KLF4 expression and the downstream inflammatory factors, to explore the mechanism of inflammatory response suppressed by TLR9/KLF4.MethodsqRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR9, KLF4, and key inflammation-related factors. ELISA was used to detect the release level of inflammatory cytokines. The triglyceride (TG) and glucose (GLU) testing cassettes were used to detect the TG and GLU levels in culture medium.ResultsIn the omental tissue of obese individuals (OB), we found that TLR9, KLF4, mRNA, and the protein expression levels were lower than those of the normal weight control (NC) group. Similarly, in the omental tissue of high-fat diet (HFD) rats, we found that the mRNA expression levels of TLR9 and KLF4 were lower than those of the normal diet control group. In mature adipocytes, we found that KLF4 played an important anti-inflammatory role; moreover, PA can promote the development of inflammation by inhibiting KLF4 expression; TLR9 has a positive regulation function on KLF4 expression, but unrelated to PA.ConclusionsTLR9/KLF4 is involved in regulating FFA-induced adipocyte inflammation.
| S-EPMC6312605 | biostudies-literature