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Identification of a small-molecule ligand of ?-arrestin1 as an inhibitor of stromal fibroblast cell migration accelerated by cancer cells.

ABSTRACT: Stromal fibroblasts, which occupy a major portion of the tumor microenvironment, play an important role in cancer metastasis. Thus, targeting of these fibroblasts activated by cancer cells (carcinoma-associated fibroblasts; CAFs) might aid in the improved treatment of cancer metastasis. NIH3T3 fibroblasts cocultured with MCF7 cells displayed enhanced migration compared to NIH3T3 fibroblasts cultured alone. We used this system to identify the small-molecule inhibitors responsible for their enhanced migration, a characteristic of CAFs. We selected ?-arrestin1, which showed high expression in cocultured cells, as a molecular target for such inhibitors. Cofilin, a protein downstream of ?-arrestin1, is activated/dephosphorylated in this condition. The small-molecule ligands of ?-arrestin1 obtained by chemical array were then examined using a wound healing coculture assay. RKN5755 was identified as a selective inhibitor of activated fibroblasts. RKN5755 inhibited the enhanced migration of fibroblasts cocultured with cancer cells by binding to ?-arrestin1 and interfering with ?-arrestin1-mediated cofilin signaling pathways. Therefore, these results demonstrate the role of ?-arrestin1 in the activation of fibroblasts and inhibiting this protein by small molecule inhibitor might be a potential therapeutic target for the stromal fibroblast activation (cancer-stroma interaction).

SUBMITTER: Suvarna K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5852355 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Identification of a small-molecule ligand of β-arrestin1 as an inhibitor of stromal fibroblast cell migration accelerated by cancer cells.

Suvarna Kruthi K Honda Kaori K Kondoh Yasumitsu Y Osada Hiroyuki H Watanabe Nobumoto N

Cancer medicine 20180129 3

Stromal fibroblasts, which occupy a major portion of the tumor microenvironment, play an important role in cancer metastasis. Thus, targeting of these fibroblasts activated by cancer cells (carcinoma-associated fibroblasts; CAFs) might aid in the improved treatment of cancer metastasis. NIH3T3 fibroblasts cocultured with MCF7 cells displayed enhanced migration compared to NIH3T3 fibroblasts cultured alone. We used this system to identify the small-molecule inhibitors responsible for their enhanc ...[more]

PMID: 29380537

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Project description:Rabies virus (RABV) causes a severe and fatal neurological disease, but morbidity is vaccine preventable and treatable prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. However, immunoglobulin (IgG)-based rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is expensive, restricting access to life-saving treatment, especially for patients in low-income countries where the clinical need is greatest, and does not confer cross-protection against newly emerging phylogroup II lyssaviruses. Toward identifying a cost-effective replacement for the IgG component of rabies PEP, we developed and implemented a high-throughput screening protocol utilizing a single-cycle RABV reporter strain. A large-scale screen and subsequent direct and orthogonal counterscreens identified a first-in-class direct-acting RABV inhibitor, GRP-60367, with a specificity index (SI) of >100,000. Mechanistic characterization through time-of-addition studies, transient cell-to-cell fusion assays, and chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) recombinants expressing the RABV glycoprotein (G) demonstrated that GRP-60367 inhibits entry of a subset of RABV strains. Resistance profiling of the chemotype revealed hot spots in conserved hydrophobic positions of the RABV G protein fusion loop that were confirmed in transient cell-to-cell fusion assays. Transfer of RABV G genes with signature resistance mutations into a recombinant VSV backbone resulted in the recovery of replication-competent virions with low susceptibility to the inhibitor. This work outlines a tangible strategy for mechanistic characterization and resistance profiling of RABV drug candidates and identified a novel, well-behaved molecular probe chemotype that specifically targets the RABV G protein and prevents G-mediated viral entry.IMPORTANCE Rabies PEP depends on anti-RABV IgG, which is expensive and in limited supply in geographical areas with the highest disease burden. Replacing the IgG component with a cost-effective and shelf-stable small-molecule antiviral could address this unmet clinical need by expanding access to life-saving medication. This study has established a robust protocol for high-throughput anti-RABV drug screens and identified a chemically well-behaved, first-in-class hit with nanomolar anti-RABV potency that blocks RABV G protein-mediated viral entry. Resistance mapping revealed a druggable site formed by the G protein fusion loops that has not previously emerged as a target for neutralizing antibodies. Discovery of this RABV entry inhibitor establishes a new molecular probe to advance further mechanistic and structural characterization of RABV G that may aid in the design of a next-generation clinical candidate against RABV.

Dataset Information

Identification of a small-molecule ligand of ?-arrestin1 as an inhibitor of stromal fibroblast cell migration accelerated by cancer cells.

Publications

Identification of a small-molecule ligand of β-arrestin1 as an inhibitor of stromal fibroblast cell migration accelerated by cancer cells.

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