Mechanical, thermal, morphological, and rheological characteristics of high performance 3D-printing lignin-based composites for additive manufacturing applications.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nguyen NA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5997980 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:In order to find new ways to ensure sustainable development on a global level, it is essential to combine current top technologies, such as additive manufacturing, with the economic, ecological, and social fields. One objective of this paper refers to wire manufacture such as Arboblend V2 Nature, Arbofill Fichte, and Arboblend V2 Nature reinforced with Extrudr BDP "Pearl" (BDP-Biodegradable Plastic) in order to replace the plastic materials. After wire manufacture by extrusion, the diameter accuracy was analyzed compared with the Fiber Wood wire using SEM analyses and also EDAX-Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis and DSC-Differential Scanning Calorimetry analyses were done in order to identify their elemental composition and the phase transitions suffered by the materials during heating. Using the samples obtained through the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method, both crystalline phases and chemical composition information (XRD analysis) were identified, as well was determined the visco-elastic behavior Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), for the reinforced material and Fiber Wood. The extruded wires have allowed size for the printing equipment, around 1.75 mm with tolerance of ± 0.05 mm. The wire material diagrams, Arboblend V2 Nature reinforced with Extrudr BDP "Pearl" and Fiber Wood following the calorimetric analysis, presented peaks corresponding to material crystallization, while Arbofill Fichte revealed only the melting temperature. The storage module was almost double in case of Arboblend V2 Nature reinforced with Extrudr BDP "Pearl" compared with Fiber Wood and materials' melting temperatures were confirmed by the analyses carried out.
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Project description:Investigations related to polymer/metal composites are often limited to the analysis of the electrical and thermal conductivity of the materials. The presented study aims to analyze the impact of aluminum (Al) filler content (from 1 to 20 wt%) on the rarely investigated properties of composites based on the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. The crystalline structure, rheological (melt flow index and oscillatory rheometry), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), as well as static (tensile tests, hardness, rebound resilience) and dynamic (dynamical mechanical analysis) mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The incorporation of 1 and 2 wt% of aluminum filler resulted in small enhancements of mechanical properties, while loadings of 5 and 10 wt% provided materials with a similar performance to neat HDPE. Such results were supported by the lack of disturbances in the rheological behavior of composites. The presented results indicate that a significant content of aluminum filler may be introduced into the HDPE matrix without additional pre-treatment and does not cause the deterioration of composites' performance, which should be considered beneficial when engineering PE/metal composites.
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Project description:We report the manufacture of printable, sustainable polymer systems to address global challenges associated with high-volume utilization of lignin, an industrial waste from biomass feedstock. By analyzing a common three-dimensional printing process-fused-deposition modeling-and correlating the printing-process features to properties of materials such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and nylon, we devised a first-of-its-kind, high-performance class of printable renewable composites containing 40 to 60 weight % (wt %) lignin. An ABS analog made by integrating lignin into nitrile-butadiene rubber needs the presence of a styrenic polymer to avoid filament buckling during printing. However, lignin-modified nylon composites containing 40 to 60 wt % sinapyl alcohol-rich, melt-stable lignin exhibit enhanced stiffness and tensile strength at room temperature, while-unexpectedly-demonstrating a reduced viscosity in the melt. Further, incorporation of 4 to 16 wt % discontinuous carbon fibers enhances mechanical stiffness and printing speed, as the thermal conductivity of the carbon fibers facilitates heat transfer and thinning of the melt. We found that the presence of lignin and carbon fibers retards nylon crystallization, leading to low-melting imperfect crystals that allow good printability at lower temperatures without lignin degradation.
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