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Enriching the Starter Diet in n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduces Adipocyte Size in Broiler Chicks.

ABSTRACT: Epidemiologic studies associate perinatal intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) with reduced adiposity in children, suggesting that these fatty acids may alter adipose tissue development. The objective of this study was to determine whether enriching the perinatal diet in EPA and DHA reduces fat deposition in young chicks. Cobb 500 broiler chicks were fed isocaloric diets containing fat (8% wt:wt) from fish oil (FO), lard, canola oil, or flaxseed oil from 7 to 30 d of age. Adiposity (abdominal fat pad weight/body weight) at 30 d was not significantly affected by diet, but FO significantly reduced adipocyte size, increasing the abundance of small adipocytes. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations suggest that reduced adipocyte size was due, in part, to enhanced mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. Our work indicates that dietary EPA and DHA effectively reduce the size of developing adipocytes in juveniles, which may limit adipose deposition and provide metabolic benefits.

SUBMITTER: Torchon ET

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5998788 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Enriching the Starter Diet in n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduces Adipocyte Size in Broiler Chicks.

Torchon Emmanuelle T ET Das Suchita S Beckford Ronique C RC Voy Brynn H BH

Current developments in nutrition 20171019 11

Epidemiologic studies associate perinatal intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) with reduced adiposity in children, suggesting that these fatty acids may alter adipose tissue development. The objective of this study was to determine whether enriching the perinatal diet in EPA and DHA reduces fat deposition in young chicks. Cobb 500 broiler chicks were fed isocaloric diets containing fat (8% wt:wt) from fish oil (FO), lard, canola oil, or flaxseed ...[more]

PMID: 29955687

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Project description:White adipose tissue (WAT) expands through hypertrophy (increased adipocyte size) and/or hyperplasia (increased adipocyte number). Hypertrophy has been associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia independently of body composition and fat distribution. In contrast, hyperplasia protects against metabolic alterations. Proanthocyanidins, which are the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet, improve metabolic disturbances associated with diet-induced obesity without reducing body weight or adiposity. The aim of this study was to determine whether grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) can modulate WAT expandability. Because GSPE also contains gallic acid, we also studied the capacity of gallic acid to remodel WAT.Male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet (n=6) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 11 weeks. After 8 weeks, the CAF-fed animals were supplemented with 25?mg GSPE/kg body weight (n=6), 7?mg gallic acid/kg body weight (n=6) or the vehicle (n=6) for 3 weeks. Histological analyses were performed in the retroperitoneal (rWAT) and inguinal (iWAT) WAT to determine adipocyte size and number. Specific markers for adipogenesis and WAT functionality were analysed in rWAT using quantitative RT-PCR.GSPE or gallic acid supplementation did not reduce weight gain or reverse and adiposity. However, GSPE reduced adipocyte size significantly in rWAT and moderately in iWAT and tripled the adipocyte number in rWAT. Gallic acid slightly reduced adipocyte size in rWAT and iWAT and doubled the adipocyte number in both WATs. In accordance with this adipogenic activity, Pref-1 and PPAR? tended to be overexpressed in rWAT of rats supplemented with GSPE. Moreover, GSPE supplementation increased Plin1 and Fabp4 expression and restored adiponectin expression completely, indicating a better functionality of visceral WAT.GSPE supplementation has anti-hypertrophic and hyperplasic activities in rats with established obesity, mainly in visceral WAT inducing a healthier expansion of WAT to match the surplus energy provided by the cafeteria diet.

Dataset Information

Enriching the Starter Diet in n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduces Adipocyte Size in Broiler Chicks.

Publications

Enriching the Starter Diet in n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduces Adipocyte Size in Broiler Chicks.

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