Dataset Information

Stimulating fermentation by the prolonged acceleration of gut transit protects against decompression sickness.

ABSTRACT: Massive bubble formation after diving can lead to decompression sickness (DCS). Gut fermentation at the time of a dive exacerbates DCS due to endogenous hydrogen production. We sought to investigate whether medium-term stimulation of fermentation as a result of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced acceleration of bowel transit before diving exacerbates DCS in rats. Seven days before an experimental dry dive, 60 rats were randomly divided in two groups: an experimental group treated with PEG (n?=?30) and an untreated control group (n?=?30). Exhaled hydrogen was measured before the dive. Following hyperbaric exposure, we assessed for signs of DCS. After anaesthetisation, arterial blood was drawn to assay inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress. PEG led to a significant increase in exhaled H₂ (35?ppm [10-73] compared with control 7?ppm [2-15]; p?=?0.001). The probability of death was reduced in PEG-treated rats (PEG: 17% [95% CI 4-41] vs control: 50% [95% CI 26-74]; p?=?0.034). In addition, inflammatory markers were reduced, and the antioxidant activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased (529.2 U.l^-1 [485.4-569.0] versus 366.4 U.l^-1 [317.6-414.8]; p?=?0.004). Thus, gut fermentation might have a positive effect on DCS. The antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of the fermentation by-products H₂ and butyrate may explain these results.

SUBMITTER: de Maistre S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6031626 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Stimulating fermentation by the prolonged acceleration of gut transit protects against decompression sickness.

de Maistre Sébastien S Vallée Nicolas N Gaillard Sandrine S Duchamp Claude C Blatteau Jean-Eric JE

Scientific reports 20180704 1

Massive bubble formation after diving can lead to decompression sickness (DCS). Gut fermentation at the time of a dive exacerbates DCS due to endogenous hydrogen production. We sought to investigate whether medium-term stimulation of fermentation as a result of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced acceleration of bowel transit before diving exacerbates DCS in rats. Seven days before an experimental dry dive, 60 rats were randomly divided in two groups: an experimental group treated with PEG (n = 30 ...[more]

PMID: 29973647

Similar Datasets

Project description:Decompression sickness (DCS) is a potentially fatal condition usually observed after scuba diving. It involves bubble formation in blood and tissues from dissolved inert gas (usually nitrogen or helium), secondary to decreases in ambient pressure (decompression).To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated a DCS-induced transcriptomic signature in humans. In this study, we aim to explore the evolution of leukocyte gene expression in human subjects with DCS compared to closely matched divers after uneventful diving using a hypothesis-free RNA sequencing approach .Recruitment of DCS cases (n = 7) and controls (n = 6) was carried out using specific criteria. For both DCS cases and controls, whole blood was sampled at two time points, T1 - within 8 hours of surfacing from diving and T2 - at 40-44 hours after surfacing. Prior to sampling at T2, subjects were fasted for 10 hours. Specific exclusion criteria included a) age < 18 years b) self-reported consumption of alcohol and/or strenuous physical activity before T2 c) symptoms suggestive of delayed DCS presentation in controls at T2 d) acute life-threatening clinical complications or death within 72 hours of surfacing. All cases received emergency HBO as per United States Navy Treatment Table Six between T1 and T2.For RNA isolation, 2.5mL of whole blood was collected in a PAXgene® Blood RNA Tube (PreAnalytiX, Qiagen/BD) from DCS cases and controls at both T1 and T2. The quality of RNA was evaluated by RNA Integrity Number (RIN) determination using the RNA6000 Nano protocol on an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer system (Agilent, USA). The RIN values for samples undergoing transcriptome analysis ranged from 7.8 to 9.3. Depletion of alpha and beta globin mRNA was carried out using the GLOBINclear™ kit (ThermoFisher Scientific). To minimize batch effects, all samples were processed simultaneously by the same investigator. RNA samples were submitted for library generation and sequencing by the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI-Shenzhen). Briefly, poly(A) mRNA was enriched using poly(T) oligo-attached magnetic beads, followed by fragmentation. First strand cDNA synthesis was carried out using random hexamer N6 primers and reverse transcriptase. Following adaptor ligation to cDNA fragments, PCR amplification and purification, single stranded DNA circles were generated in a final library. DNA nanoballs (DNBs) were subsequently generated by rolling circle replication, which underwent paired end sequencing (100bp) on the BGI DNBseq platform.

Dataset Information

Stimulating fermentation by the prolonged acceleration of gut transit protects against decompression sickness.

Publications

Stimulating fermentation by the prolonged acceleration of gut transit protects against decompression sickness.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure