Dataset Information

Identifying and Characterizing Subpopulations of Heavy Alcohol Drinkers Via a Sucrose Preference Test: A Sweet Road to a Better Phenotypic Characterization?

ABSTRACT: Aims:Sweet preference in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with family history of AUD and personality traits. Therefore, testing sweet preference may help identify subpopulations of AUD individuals. Short summary:Sweet preference has been associated with family history of AUD and personality traits. We compared heavy drinkers based on their sweet liker status and using two cutoffs. Our findings support the role of sweet preference in heavy drinkers and point to the importance of how sweet likers are defined. Methods:This study aimed at describing and comparing heavy drinkers based on their sweet liker status, through demographic, neuroendocrine, inflammatory, behavioral and drinking characteristics. Participants rated the pleasantness and intensity of sucrose solutions (0.05, 0.10, 0.21, 0.42 and 0.83 M). Two cutoffs were used to identify likers versus dislikers: Grouping A likers preferred 0.83 M and Grouping B likers preferred 0.83 or 0.42 M; the rest were dislikers. Results:Sweet likers were 36% (n = 20) using Grouping A and 58.2% (n = 32) using Grouping B. Grouping B, but not Grouping A, sweet likers had higher BMI (P = 0.01). In Grouping B, sweet likers had higher plasma leptin and insulin concentrations and higher insulin resistance (P's < 0.05). C-reactive protein concentrations were higher in sweet likers in Grouping A (P = 0.0015) and at a trend level in Grouping B (P = 0.07). Grouping A sweet likers had higher alcohol craving (P = 0.0004). Sweet likers preferred spirits compared to nonspirits (wine and beer) across both grouping (P's < 0.05). Conclusions:These results provide further support for the role of sweet liking phenotype in identifying subpopulations of AUD individuals. These findings also point to the importance of how sweet likers are defined, therefore highlighting the need for further research.

SUBMITTER: Bouhlal S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6104622 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Identifying and Characterizing Subpopulations of Heavy Alcohol Drinkers Via a Sucrose Preference Test: A Sweet Road to a Better Phenotypic Characterization?

Bouhlal Sofia S Farokhnia Mehdi M Lee Mary R MR Akhlaghi Fatemeh F Leggio Lorenzo L

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 20180901 5

<h4>Aims</h4>Sweet preference in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with family history of AUD and personality traits. Therefore, testing sweet preference may help identify subpopulations of AUD individuals.<h4>Short summary</h4>Sweet preference has been associated with family history of AUD and personality traits. We compared heavy drinkers based on their sweet liker status and using two cutoffs. Our findings support the role of sweet preference in heavy drinkers an ...[more]

PMID: 30016385

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Project description:Background: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is the most common disorder of prolonged drinking. Mechanisms underlying cirrhosis in such patients remain unclear. MicroRNAs play regulatory role in several diseases, are affected by alcohol and may be important players in alcohol use disorders, such as cirrhosis. Methods: We investigated serum samples from heavy chronic alcohol users (80 g/day (male) and 50 g/day (female) for ≥10 years) that were available from our previously reported GenomALC study. A subset of GenomALC drinkers with liver cirrhosis (cases, n = 24) and those without significant liver disease (drinking controls, n = 23) were included. Global microRNA profiling was performed using high-throughput real-time quantitative PCR to identify the microRNA signatures associated with cirrhosis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was utilized to identify target mRNAs of significantly altered microRNAs, and molecular pathways were analysed. Identified microRNAs were analysed for correlation with traditional liver disease biomarkers and risk gene variants previously reported from GenomALC genome-wide association study. Results: The expression of 21 microRNAs was significantly downregulated in cases compared to drinking controls (p < 0.05, ∆∆Ct > 1.5-fold). Seven microRNAs (miR-16, miR-19a, miR-27a, miR-29b, miR-101, miR-130a, and miR-191) had a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) with INR, bilirubin and MELD score. Three microRNAs (miR-27a, miR-130a and miR-191) significantly predicted cases with AUC-ROC 0.8, 0.78 and 0.85, respectively (p < 0.020); however, INR performed best (0.97, p < 0.001). A different set of six microRNAs (miR-19a, miR-26a, miR-101, miR-151-3p, miR-221, and miR-301) showed positive correlation (ranging from 0.32 to 0.51, p < 0.05) with rs10433937:HSD17B13 gene variant, associated with the risk of cirrhosis. IPA analysis revealed mRNA targets of the significantly altered microRNAs associated with cell death/necrosis, fibrosis and increased steatosis, particularly triglyceride metabolism. Conclusions: MicroRNA signatures in drinkers distinguished those with liver cirrhosis from drinkers without liver disease. We identified mRNA targets in liver functions that were enriched for disease pathogenesis pathways.

Dataset Information

Identifying and Characterizing Subpopulations of Heavy Alcohol Drinkers Via a Sucrose Preference Test: A Sweet Road to a Better Phenotypic Characterization?

Publications

Identifying and Characterizing Subpopulations of Heavy Alcohol Drinkers Via a Sucrose Preference Test: A Sweet Road to a Better Phenotypic Characterization?

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