Dataset Information

Effects of the antimicrobial contaminant triclocarban, and co-exposure with the androgen 17?-trenbolone, on reproductive function and ovarian transcriptome of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).

ABSTRACT: Triclocarban (TCC) is an antimicrobial agent routinely detected in surface waters that has been hypothesized to interact with the vertebrate endocrine system. The present study examined the effects of TCC alone and in combination with the model endocrine disruptor 17?-trenbolone (TRB) on fish reproductive function. Adult Pimephales promelas were continuously exposed to either 1?µg TCC/L or 5?µg TCC/L, to 0.5?µg TRB/L, or to a mixture (MIX) of 5?µg TCC/L and 0.5?µg TRB/L for 22 d, and a variety of reproductive and endocrine-related endpoints were examined. Cumulative fecundity was significantly reduced in fathead minnows exposed to TRB, MIX, or 5?µg TCC/L. Exposure to 1?µg TCC/L had no effect on reproduction. In general, both TRB and MIX treatments caused similar physiological effects, evoking significant reductions in female plasma vitellogenin, estradiol, and testosterone, and significant increases in male plasma estradiol. Based on analysis of the ovarian transcriptome, there were potential pathway impacts that were common to both TRB- and TCC-containing treatment groups. In most cases, however, those pathways were more plausibly linked to differences in reproductive status than to androgen-specific functions. Overall, TCC was reproductively toxic to fish at concentrations at or near those that have been measured in surface water. There was little evidence that TCC elicits reproductive toxicity through a specific mode of endocrine or reproductive action, nor that it could augment the androgenic effects of TRB. Nonetheless, the relatively small margin of safety between some measured environmental concentrations and effect concentrations suggests that concern is warranted. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:231-242. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

SUBMITTER: Villeneuve DL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6110301 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of the antimicrobial contaminant triclocarban, and co-exposure with the androgen 17β-trenbolone, on reproductive function and ovarian transcriptome of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).

Villeneuve Daniel L DL Jensen Kathleen M KM Cavallin Jenna E JE Durhan Elizabeth J EJ Garcia-Reyero Natàlia N Kahl Michael D MD Leino Richard L RL Makynen Elizabeth A EA Wehmas Leah C LC Perkins Edward J EJ Ankley Gerald T GT

Environmental toxicology and chemistry 20160729 1

Triclocarban (TCC) is an antimicrobial agent routinely detected in surface waters that has been hypothesized to interact with the vertebrate endocrine system. The present study examined the effects of TCC alone and in combination with the model endocrine disruptor 17β-trenbolone (TRB) on fish reproductive function. Adult Pimephales promelas were continuously exposed to either 1 µg TCC/L or 5 µg TCC/L, to 0.5 µg TRB/L, or to a mixture (MIX) of 5 µg TCC/L and 0.5 µg TRB/L for 22 d, and a variety o ...[more]

PMID: 27312088

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Project description:Omics approaches are broadly used to explore endocrine and toxicity-related pathways and functions. Nevertheless, there is still a significant gap in knowledge in terms of understanding the endocrine system and its numerous connections and intricate feedback loops, especially in non-model organisms. The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a widely used small fish model for aquatic toxicology and regulatory testing, particularly in North America. A draft genome has been published, but the amount of available genomic or transcriptomic information is still far behind that of other more broadly studied species, such as the zebrafish. Here, we used a proteogenomics approach to survey the tissue-specific proteome and transcriptome profiles in adult male fathead minnow. To do so, we generated a draft transcriptome using short and long sequencing reads from liver, testis, brain, heart, gill, head kidney, trunk kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. We identified 30,378 different putative transcripts overall, with the assembled contigs ranging in size from 264 to over 9,720 nts. Over 17,000 transcripts were >1,000 nts, suggesting a robust transcriptome that can be used to interpret RNA sequencing data in the future. We also performed RNA sequencing and proteomics analysis on four tissues, including the telencephalon, hypothalamus, liver, and gastrointestinal tract of male fish. Transcripts ranged from 0 to 600,000 copies per gene and a large portion were expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Specifically, the telencephalon and hypothalamus shared the most expressed genes, while the gastrointestinal tract and the liver were quite distinct. Using protein profiling techniques, we identified a total of 4,045 proteins in the four tissues investigated, and their tissue-specific expression pattern correlated with the transcripts at the pathway level. Similarly to the findings with the transcriptomic data, the hypothalamus and telencephalon had the highest degree of similarity in the proteins detected. The main purpose of this analysis was to generate tissue-specific omics data in order to support future aquatic ecotoxicogenomic and endocrine-related studies as well as to improve our understanding of the fathead minnow as an ecological model.

Project description:Triclocarban (TCC) is a widely used antimicrobial agent that is routinely detected in surface waters. The present study was designed to examine TCC’s efficacy and mode of action as a reproductive toxicant in fish. Reproductively mature Pimephales promelas were continuously exposed to either 1 or 5 μg TCC/L, 0.5 μg 17β-trenbolone (TRB)/L or a mixture (MIX) of 5 μg TCC and 0.5 μg TRB/L for 22 d and a variety of reproductive and endocrine-related endpoints were examined. The data were evaluated to answer several key questions: first, whether exposure to TCC could be linked with an ecologically-relevant adverse outcome, i.e., impaired reproduction; second, whether the present study provided additional support for augmentation of androgen action as an endocrine-disrupting mode of action for TCC; and third, whether there were any novel and/or plausible linkages between changes in the ovarian transcriptome and the apical responses observed in females that could support adverse outcome pathway development and/or further hypothesis-driven testing. Fathead minnows were randomly paired (one male, one female) and placed in tanks at a density of two pairs per tank with six replicate tanks per treatment. Pairs were separated by a water permeable mesh divider and each pair had its own breeding substrate. The fish were held in the test system, receiving UV-treated, filtered Lake Superior (control) water only, for a 21 d acclimation period during which the fecundity and fertility of each pair were assessed daily. After 21 d, exposures were initiated with pairs that had spawned successfully during acclimation. Fish were exposed continuously to target test concentrations of 0 (Lake Superior control), TCC (1 and 5 µg/L), TRB (0.5 μg/L), or a mixture of the two chemicals (5 μg TCC and 0.5 μg TRB/L) for 22 d. Water concentrations of TCC and TRB were determined in stock solutions and all exposure tanks every two to three days. General water quality characteristics (mean ± SD) measured regularly over the course of the Experiment were: temperature, 24.8 ± 0.7 oC; pH, 7.87 ± 0.04; dissolved oxygen, 6.8 ± 0.35 mg/L. Ovary RNA samples from twenty four fish (n=5 for all treatments except TRB alone; n=4) were selected for microarray analysis.

Dataset Information

Effects of the antimicrobial contaminant triclocarban, and co-exposure with the androgen 17?-trenbolone, on reproductive function and ovarian transcriptome of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).

Publications

Effects of the antimicrobial contaminant triclocarban, and co-exposure with the androgen 17β-trenbolone, on reproductive function and ovarian transcriptome of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).

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