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Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon as an Inorganic Framework for Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material.

ABSTRACT: The preparation of activated carbon using palm kernel shells as the precursor (PKSAC) was successfully accomplished after the parametric optimization of the carbonization temperature, carbonization holding time, and the ratio of the activator (H?PO?) to the precursor. Optimization at 500 °C for 2 h of carbonization with 20% H?PO? resulted in the highest surface area of the activated carbon (C20) of 1169 m² g^-1 and, with an average pore size of 27 Å. Subsequently, the preparation of shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM-C20) was done by the encapsulation of n-octadecane into the pores of the PKSAC, C20. The field emission scanning electron microscope images and the nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption isotherms show that n-octadecane was successfully encapsulated into the pores of C20. The resulting SSPCM-C20 nano-composite shows good thermal reliability which is chemically and thermally stable and can stand up to 500 melting and freezing cycles. This research work provided a new strategy for the preparation of SSPCM material for thermal energy storage application generated from oil palm waste.

SUBMITTER: Nicholas AF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6165392 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon as an Inorganic Framework for Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material.

Nicholas Ahmad Fariz AF Hussein Mohd Zobir MZ Zainal Zulkarnain Z Khadiran Tumirah T

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 20180905 9

The preparation of activated carbon using palm kernel shells as the precursor (PKSAC) was successfully accomplished after the parametric optimization of the carbonization temperature, carbonization holding time, and the ratio of the activator (H₃PO₄) to the precursor. Optimization at 500 °C for 2 h of carbonization with 20% H₃PO₄ resulted in the highest surface area of the activated carbon (C20) of 1169 m² g<sup>-1</sup> and, with an average pore size of 27 Å. Subsequently, the preparation of sh ...[more]

PMID: 30189654

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Project description:Phase change materials (PCMs) in the form of fibers or fibrous mats with exceptional thermal energy storage ability and tunable working temperature are of high interest to produce smart thermoregulating textiles, useful for increasing human thermal comfort while avoiding energy waste. Common organic PCMs suffer from instability in their molten state, which limits their applicability as highly performing fibrous systems. In this work, electrospun fibrous mats made of polyethylene oxide (PEO), a PCM with excellent thermal properties and biocompatibility, were fabricated and their shape instability in the molten state was improved through UV photo-crosslinking. The characterization aimed to assess the performance of these shape-stable electrospun mats as nanofibrous PCMs for thermal management applications. In addition to an enhanced resistance to water-based solvents, UV-cured electrospun PEO mats demonstrated a remarkable latent heat (≈112 J/g), maintained over 80 heating/cooling cycles across the phase change temperature. Moreover, their morphological stability above their melting point was demonstrated both macroscopically and microscopically, with the retention of the initial nanofibrous morphology. Tensile mechanical tests demonstrated that the UV crosslinking considerably enhanced the ultimate properties of the fibrous mat, with a five-fold increase in both the tensile strength (from 0.15 MPa to 0.74 MPa) and the strain at break (from 2.5% to 12.2%) compared to the uncrosslinked mat. In conclusion, the photo-crosslinked electrospun PEO material exhibited high thermal properties and good shape stability without displaying leakage; accordingly, in the proposed PCM system, the necessity for encapsulation or use of a supporting layer has been eliminated. Photo-crosslinking thus proved itself as an effective, fast, and environmentally friendly method to dramatically improve the shape-stability of nanofibrous PEO electrospun mats for smart thermoregulating textiles.

Dataset Information

Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon as an Inorganic Framework for Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material.

Publications

Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon as an Inorganic Framework for Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material.

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