Experimental data on the properties of pelletization of palm kernel shell using sago starch and sodium acetate.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Halim SA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8129651 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Co-pyrolysis is one possible method to handle different biomass leftovers. The success of the implementation depends on several factors, of which the quality of the produced bio-oil is of the highest importance, together with the throughput and constraints of the feedstock. In this study, the fast co-pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS) and woody biomass was conducted in a micro-pyrolyser connected to a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer/Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-MS/FID) at 600 °C and 5 s. Different blend ratios were studied to reveal interactions on the primary products formed from the co-pyrolysis, specifically PKS and two woody biomasses. A comparison of the experimental and predicted yields showed that the co-pyrolysis of the binary blends in equal proportions, PKS with mahogany (MAH) or iroko (IRO) sawdust, resulted in a decrease in the relative yield of the phenols by 19%, while HAA was promoted by 43% for the PKS:IRO-1:1 pyrolysis blend, and the saccharides were strongly inhibited for the PKS:MAH-1:1 pyrolysis blend. However, no difference was observed in the yields for the different groups of compounds when the two woody biomasses (MAH:IRO-1:1) were co-pyrolysed. In contrast to the binary blend, the pyrolysis of the ternary blends showed that the yield of the saccharides was promoted to a large extent, while the acids were inhibited for the PKS:MAH:IRO-1:1:1 pyrolysis blend. However, the relative yield of the saccharides was inhibited to a large extent for the PKS:MAH:IRO-1:2:2 pyrolysis blend, while no major difference was observed in the yields across the different groups of compounds when PKS and the woody biomass were blended in equal amounts and pyrolysed (PKS:MAH:IRO-2:1:1). This study showed evidence of a synergistic interaction when co-pyrolysing different biomasses. It also shows that it is possible to enhance the production of a valuable group of compounds with the right biomass composition and blend ratio.
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Project description:Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is one of the most productive carbohydrate-producing crops. Unfortunately, only limited information regarding sago palm genetics is available. This study aimed to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using sago palm NGS genomic data and use these markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of sago palm from Indonesia. De novo assembly of partial sago palm genomic data and subsequent SSR mining identified 29,953 contigs containing 31,659 perfect SSR loci and 31,578 contigs with 33,576 imperfect SSR loci. The perfect SSR loci density was 132.57/Mb, and AG, AAG and AAAT were the most frequent SSR motifs. Five hundred perfect SSR loci were randomly selected and used for designing SSR primers; 93 SSR primer pairs were identified. After synteny analysis using rice genome sequences, 20 primer pairs were validated using 11 sago palm accessions, and seven primers generated polymorphic alleles. Genetic diversity analysis of 41 sago palm accessions from across Indonesia using polymorphic SSR loci indicated the presence of three clusters. These results demonstrated the success of SSR identification and marker development for sago palm based on NGS genome data, which can be further used for assisting sago palm breeding in the future.
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Project description:In the present work, palm kernel shell (PKS) biomass waste has been used as a low-cost and easily available precursor to prepare carbon dots (CDs) via microwave irradiation method. The impacts of the reacting medium: water and diethylene glycol (DEG), and irradiation period, as well as the presence of chitosan on the CDs properties, have been investigated. The synthesized CDs were characterized by several physical and optical analyses. The performance of the CDs in terms of bacteria cell imaging and copper (II) ions sensing and removal were also explored. All the CDs possessed a size of 6-7 nm in diameter and the presence of hydroxyl and alkene functional groups indicated the successful transformation of PKS into CDs with carbon core consisting of C = C elementary unit. The highest quantum yield (44.0%) obtained was from the CDs synthesised with DEG as the reacting medium at irradiation period of 1 min. It was postulated that the high boiling point of DEG resulted in a complete carbonisation of PKS into CDs. Subsequently, the absorbance intensity and photoluminescence intensity were also much higher compared to other precursor formulation. All the CDs fluoresced in the bacteria culture, and fluorescence quenching occurred in the presence of heavy metal ions. These showed the potential of CDs synthesised from PKS could be used for cellular imaging and detection as well as removal of heavy metal ions.
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Project description:Coconut kernel shell (CKS) and palm kernel shell (PKS) powders were analyzed using Surface Electron Microcopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The SEM and TEM were combined with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis for elemental composition of the sample materials. The micrographs of all samples were thoroughly examined and explained. The dataset presented herein helps to elucidate the ultrastructure and could suggest expanding traditional applications of the PKS/CKS to novel ones. The data are related to the research article "Insight on the Ultrastructure, Physicochemical and Thermal Characteristics and Applications of the Palm Kernel Shells" (Ntenga et al., 2018).
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Project description:The preparation of activated carbon using palm kernel shells as the precursor (PKSAC) was successfully accomplished after the parametric optimization of the carbonization temperature, carbonization holding time, and the ratio of the activator (H₃PO₄) to the precursor. Optimization at 500 °C for 2 h of carbonization with 20% H₃PO₄ resulted in the highest surface area of the activated carbon (C20) of 1169 m² g-1 and, with an average pore size of 27 Å. Subsequently, the preparation of shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM-C20) was done by the encapsulation of n-octadecane into the pores of the PKSAC, C20. The field emission scanning electron microscope images and the nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption isotherms show that n-octadecane was successfully encapsulated into the pores of C20. The resulting SSPCM-C20 nano-composite shows good thermal reliability which is chemically and thermally stable and can stand up to 500 melting and freezing cycles. This research work provided a new strategy for the preparation of SSPCM material for thermal energy storage application generated from oil palm waste.
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