Paper-Based Analytical Device for Zinc Ion Quantification in Water Samples with Power-Free Analyte Concentration
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kudo H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6189703 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Exposure to metal-containing aerosols has been linked with adverse health outcomes for almost every organ in the human body. Commercially available techniques for quantifying particulate metals are time-intensive, laborious, and expensive; often sample analysis exceeds $100. We report a simple technique, based upon a distance-based detection motif, for quantifying metal concentrations of Ni, Cu, and Fe in airborne particulate matter using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Paper substrates are used to create sensors that are self-contained, self-timing, and require only a drop of sample for operation. Unlike other colorimetric approaches in paper microfluidics that rely on optical instrumentation for analysis, with distance-based detection, analyte is quantified visually based on the distance of a colorimetric reaction, similar to reading temperature on a thermometer. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, Ni, Cu, and Fe were measured individually in single-channel devices; detection limits as low as 0.1, 0.1, and 0.05 ?g were reported for Ni, Cu, and Fe. Multiplexed analysis of all three metals was achieved with detection limits of 1, 5, and 1 ?g for Ni, Cu, and Fe. We also extended the dynamic range for multi-analyte detection by printing concentration gradients of colorimetric reagents using an off-the-shelf inkjet printer. Analyte selectivity was demonstrated for common interferences. To demonstrate utility of the method, Ni, Cu, and Fe were measured from samples of certified welding fume; levels measured with paper sensors matched known values determined gravimetrically.
| S-EPMC4470859 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Occupational exposure to Cr is concerning because of its myriad of health effects. Assessing chromium exposure is also cost and resource intensive because the analysis typically uses sophisticated instrumental techniques like inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Here, we report a novel, simple, inexpensive microfluidic paper-based analytical device (?PAD) for measuring total Cr in airborne particulate matter. In the ?PAD, tetravalent cerium (Ce(IV)) was used in a pretreatment zone to oxidize all soluble Cr to Cr(VI). After elution to the detection zone, Cr(VI) reacts with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (1,5-DPC) forming 1,5-diphenylcarbazone (DPCO) and Cr(III). The resulting Cr(III) forms a distinct purple colored complex with the DPCO. As proof-of-principle, particulate matter (PM) collected on a sample filter was analyzed with the ?PAD to quantify the mass of total Cr. A log-linear working range (0.23-3.75 ?g; r(2)=0.998) between Cr and color intensity was obtained with a detection limit of 0.12 ?g. For validation, a certified reference containing multiple competing metals was analyzed. Quantitative agreement was obtained between known Cr levels in the sample and the Cr measured using the ?PAD.
| S-EPMC3842604 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been linked with respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to various cancers. Consistent among all of these associations is the hypothesis that PM induces inflammation and oxidative stress in the affected tissue. Consequently, a variety of assays have been developed to quantify the oxidative activity of PM as a means to characterize its ability to induced oxidative stress. The vast majority of these assays rely on high-volume, fixed-location sampling methods due to limitations in assay sensitivity and detection limit. As a result, our understanding of how personal exposure contributes to the intake of oxidative air pollution is limited. To further this understanding, we present a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for measuring PM oxidative activity on filters collected by personal sampling. The μPAD is inexpensive to fabricate and provides fast and sensitive analysis of aerosol oxidative activity. The oxidative activity measurement is based on the dithiothreitol assay (DTT assay), uses colorimetric detection, and can be completed in the field within 30 min following sample collection. The μPAD assay was validated against the traditional DTT assay using 13 extracted aerosol samples including urban aerosols, biomass burning PM, cigarette smoke, and incense smoke. The results showed no significant differences in DTT consumption rate measured by the two methods. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, personal samples were collected to estimate human exposures to PM from indoor air, outdoor air on a clean day, and outdoor air on a wildfire-impacted day in Fort Collins, CO. Filter samples collected on the wildfire day gave the highest oxidative activity on a mass normalized basis, whereas typical ambient background air showed the lowest oxidative activity.
| S-EPMC3556395 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The development of the first microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for the speciation of inorganic arsenic in environmental aqueous samples as arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) which implements hydride generation on a paper platform is described. The newly developed µPAD has a 3D configuration and uses Au(III) chloride as the detection reagent. Sodium borohydride is used to generate arsine in the device's sample zone by reducing As(III) in the presence of hydrochloric acid or both As(III) and As(V) (total inorganic As) in the presence of sulfuric acid. Arsine then diffuses across a hydrophobic porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane into the device's detection zone where it reduces Au(III) to Au nanoparticles. This results in a color change which can be related to the concentration of As(III) or total inorganic As (i.e., As(III) and As(V)) concentration. Under optimal conditions, the µPAD is characterized by a limit of detection of 0.43 mg L-1 for total inorganic As (As(III) + As(V)) and 0.41 mg L-1 for As(III) and a linear calibration range in both cases of 1.2-8.0 mg As L-1. The newly developed µPAD-based method was validated by applying it to groundwater and freshwater samples and comparing the results with those obtained by conventional atomic spectrometric techniques.
| S-EPMC9166862 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As drug overdose deaths across the United States continue to rise, there is increasing interest in field testing of illicit substances. This work discusses a paper-based analytical device (idPAD) that can run a library of 12 colorimetric tests at the same time, each detecting different chemical functional groups and materials found in illicit drugs, distractor substances, and cutting agents. The idPAD requires no electricity, costs less than $2 USD, and requires minimal training to operate. The results of the 12 tests form a color barcode which is "read" by comparison to standard images. The accuracy of the idPAD was assessed using samples of heroin, cocaine HCl, crack, and methamphetamine at concentrations of 25%-100% in a lactose matrix, as well as pure lactose. Based on 840 "reads" by three different users, the idPAD showed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting these drugs; the most common error was mistaking cocaine HCl for crack or crack for cocaine HCl. In a second step, samples of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine (n = 30) and distractor substances (pharmaceuticals, cutting agents, and other illicit drugs, n = 64) were tested by two readers, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%. Targeted substances were detected reliably at 55-180 μg/lane, and the idPAD was found to be stable for at least 3 months when stored at room temperature. The library approach used in the idPAD may provide the accuracy and robustness necessary for a presumptive field drug test.
| S-EPMC7332374 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Paper analytical devices (PADs) are a class of low-cost, portable, and easy-to-use platform for several analytical tests in clinical diagnostics, environmental pollution monitoring, and food and drug safety screening. These devices are primarily made from cellulosic paper. Considering the importance of eco-friendly and local or distributed manufacturing of devices realized during the COVID-19 pandemic, we systematically studied the potential of handmade Nepali paper to be used in fabricating PADs in this work. We characterized five different handmade papers made from locally available plant fibers using an eco-friendly method and used them to fabricate PADs for determining the drug quality. The thickness, grammage, and apparent density of the paper samples ranged from 198.6 to 314.8 μm, 49.1 to 117.8 g/m2, and 0.23 to 0.43 g/cm3, respectively. The moisture content, water filtration, and wicking speed ranged from 5.8 to 7.1%, 35.7 to 156.7, and 0.062 to 0.124 mms-1, respectively. Furthermore, the water contact angle and porosity ranged from 76.6 to 112.1° and 79 to 83%, respectively. The best paper sample (P5) was chosen to fabricate PADs for the determination of metformin, an antidiabetic drug. The metformin assay on PADs followed a linear range from 0.0625 to 0.5 mg/mL. The assay had a limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 0.05 and 0.18 mg/mL, respectively. The average amount of metformin concentration in samples collected from local pharmacies (n = 20) was 465.6 ± 15.1 mg/tablet. When compared with the spectrophotometric method, PAD assay correctly predicted the concentration of 90% samples. The PAD assay on handmade paper may provide a low-cost and easy-to-use system for screening the quality of drugs and other point-of-need applications.
| S-EPMC9089334 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Paper biosensors: an origami sensor is printed on a single piece of paper, folded into a three-dimensional fluidic device, and encapsulated by thermal lamination. Aptamer is trapped in the fluidic channel, where it binds to the target and releases an enzyme to generate a signal. The device is read out using a digital multimeter.
| S-EPMC3486962 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We describe the design and characteristics of a paper-based analytical device for analyte concentration enrichment. The device, called a hybrid paper-based analytical device (hyPAD), uses faradaic electrochemistry to create an ion depletion zone (IDZ), and hence a local electric field, within a nitrocellulose flow channel. Charged analytes are concentrated near the IDZ when their electrophoretic and electroosmotic velocities balance. This process is called faradaic ion concentration polarization. The hyPAD is simple to construct and uses only low-cost materials. The hyPAD can be tuned for optimal performance by adjusting the applied voltage or changing the electrode design. Moreover, the throughput of hyPAD is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional, micron-scale microfluidic devices. The hyPAD is able to concentrate a range of analytes, including small molecules, DNA, proteins, and nanoparticles, in the range of 200-500-fold within 5 min.
| S-EPMC6100762 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Zinc deficiency continues to be a major concern for global public health. The zinc status of a target population is typically estimated by measuring circulating zinc levels, but the sampling procedures are not standardized and thus may result in analytical discrepancies. To examine this, we designed a study that controlled most of the technical parameters in order to focus on five pre-analytical variables reported to influence the measurement of zinc in blood samples, including (1) blood draw site (capillary or venous), (2) blood sample matrix (plasma or serum), (3) blood collection tube manufacturer (Becton, Dickinson and Company or Sarstedt AG & Co), (4) blood processing time (0, 4, or 24 hours), and (5) blood holding temperatures (4°C, 20°C, or 37°C). A diverse cohort of 60 healthy adults were recruited to provide sequential capillary and venous blood samples, which were carefully processed under a single chain of custody and measured for zinc content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. When comparing blood draw sites, the mean zinc content of capillary samples was 0.054 mg/L (8%; p<0.0001) higher than venous blood from the same donors. When comparing blood sample matrices, the mean zinc content of serum samples was 0.029 mg/L (5%; p<0.0001) higher than plasma samples from the same donors. When comparing blood collection tube manufacturer, the mean zinc content from venous blood samples did not differ between venders, but the mean zinc content from BD capillary plasma was 0.036 mg/L (6%; p<0.0001) higher than Sarstedt capillary plasma from the same donors. When comparing processing times, the mean zinc content of plasma and serum samples was 5-12% higher (p<0.0001) in samples processed 4-24 hour after collection. When comparing holding temperatures, the mean zinc content of plasma and serum samples was 0.5-7% higher (p = 0.0007 or p = 0.0061, respectively) in samples temporarily held at 20°C or 37°C after collection. Thus even with the same donors and blood draws, significant differences in zinc content were observed with different draw sites, tube types, and processing procedures, demonstrating that key pre-analytic variables can have an impact on zinc measurement, and subsequent classification of zinc status. Minimizing these pre-analytical variables is important for generating best practice guidelines for assessment of zinc status.
| S-EPMC10503700 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A simple and portable paper-based analytical device was developed for visual and semiquantitative detection of ferric ion in real samples using green emitting carbon dots (CDs), which were prepared via microwave method using sodium citrate, urea and sodium hydroxide as raw materials and then loaded on the surface of paper substrate. When Fe3+ exists, the green fluorescence of CDs was quenched and significant color change from green to dark blue were observed, resulting the visual detection of Fe3+ with a minimum distinguishable concentration of 100 μM. By analyzing the intensity changes of green channels of test paper with the help of smartphone, the semiquantitative detection was realized within the range of 100 μM to 1200 μM. The proposed paper-based analytical devices have great application prospects in on site detection of Fe3+ in real samples.
| S-EPMC10613948 | biostudies-literature