Dataset Information

Streptococcus pneumoniae outbreaks and implications for transmission and control: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Streptococcus pneumoniae is capable of causing multiple infectious syndromes and occasionally causes outbreaks. The objective of this review is to update prior outbreak reviews, identify control measures, and comment on transmission.

Methods

We conducted a review of published S. pneumoniae outbreaks, defined as at least two linked cases of S. pneumoniae.

Results

A total of 98 articles (86 respiratory; 8 conjunctivitis; 2 otitis media; 1 surgical site; 1 multiple), detailing 94 unique outbreaks occurring between 1916 to 2017 were identified. Reported serotypes included 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7F, 8, 12F, 14, 20, and 23F, and serogroups 6, 9, 15, 19, 22. The median attack rate for pneumococcal outbreaks was 7.0% (Interquartile range: 2.4%, 13%). The median case-fatality ratio was 12.9% (interquartile range: 0%, 29.2%). Age groups most affected by outbreaks were older adults (60.3%) and young adults (34.2%). Outbreaks occurred in crowded settings, such as universities/schools/daycares, military barracks, hospital wards, and long-term care facilities. Of outbreaks that assessed vaccination coverage, low initial vaccination or revaccination coverage was common. Most (73.1%) of reported outbreaks reported non-susceptibility to at least one antibiotic, with non-susceptibility to penicillin (56.0%) and erythromycin (52.6%) being common. Evidence suggests transmission in outbreaks can occur through multiple modes, including carriers, infected individuals, or medical devices. Several cases developed disease shortly after exposure (ConclusionsTo prevent the initial occurrence of respiratory outbreaks, vaccination and revaccination is likely the best preventive measure. Once an outbreak occurs, vaccination and infection-prevention strategies should be utilized. Antibiotic prophylaxis may be considered for high-risk exposed individuals, but development of antibiotic resistance during outbreaks has been reported. The short period between initial exposure and development of disease indicates that pneumococcal colonization is not a prerequisite for pneumococcal respiratory infection.

SUBMITTER: Zivich PN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6217781 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> outbreaks and implications for transmission and control: a systematic review.

Zivich Paul N PN Grabenstein John D JD Becker-Dreps Sylvia I SI Weber David J DJ

Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) 20181105

<h4>Background</h4><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> is capable of causing multiple infectious syndromes and occasionally causes outbreaks. The objective of this review is to update prior outbreak reviews, identify control measures, and comment on transmission.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a review of published <i>S. pneumoniae</i> outbreaks, defined as at least two linked cases of <i>S. pneumoniae</i>.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 98 articles (86 respiratory; 8 conjunctivitis; 2 otitis media; 1 surgi ...[more]

PMID: 30410854

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Streptococcus pneumoniae outbreaks and implications for transmission and control: a systematic review.

Background

Methods

Results

Publications

<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> outbreaks and implications for transmission and control: a systematic review.

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Dataset Information

Streptococcus pneumoniae outbreaks and implications for transmission and control: a systematic review.

Background

Methods

Results

Publications

&lt;i&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; outbreaks and implications for transmission and control: a systematic review.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> outbreaks and implications for transmission and control: a systematic review.