Dataset Information

The addition of very light loads into the routine testing of the bench press increases the reliability of the force-velocity relationship.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The aim of this study was to examine whether the addition of very light loads for modeling the force-velocity (F-V) relationship during the bench press (BP) exercise can confirm its experimental linearity as well as to increase the reliability and concurrent validity of the F-V relationship parameters (maximum force (F ₀), maximum velocity (V ₀), F-V slope, and maximum power (P _max)).

Method

The F-V relationship of 19 healthy men were determined using three different methods: (I) 6-loads free method: six loads performed during the traditional free-weight BP exercise (≈ 1-8-29-39-49-59 kg), (II) 4-loads free method: four loads performed during the traditional free-weight BP exercise (≈ 29-39-49-59 kg), and (III) 4-loads Smith method: four loads performed during the ballistic bench press throw exercise in a Smith machine (≈ 29-39-49-59 kg).

Results

The linearity of the F-V relationship was very high and comparable for the three F-V methods (p = 0.204; median Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) = 0.99). The three methods were ranked from the most to the least reliable as follows: 6-loads free (coefficient of variation (CV) range = 3.6-6.7%) > 4-loads Smith (CV range = 4.6-12.4%) > 4-loads free (CV range = 3.8-14.5%). The higher reliability of the 6-loads free method was especially pronounced for F-V slope (CV_ratio ≥ 1.85) and V ₀ (CV_ratio ≥ 1.49) parameters, while the lowest difference in reliability was observed for F ₀ (CV_ratio ≤ 1.27). The 6-loads free and 4-loads free methods showed a very high concurrent validity respect to the 4-loads Smith method for F ₀ and P _max (r ≥ 0.89), a moderate validity for the F-V slope (r = 0.66-0.82), and a low validity for V ₀ (r ≤ 0.37).

Discussion

The routine testing of the F-V relationship of upper-body muscles through the BP exercise should include trials with very light loading conditions to enhance the reliability of the F-V relationship.

SUBMITTER: Cuevas-Aburto J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6230439 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The addition of very light loads into the routine testing of the bench press increases the reliability of the force-velocity relationship.

Cuevas-Aburto Jesualdo J Ulloa-Díaz David D Barboza-González Paola P Chirosa-Ríos Luis Javier LJ García-Ramos Amador A

PeerJ 20181108

<h4>Background</h4>The aim of this study was to examine whether the addition of very light loads for modeling the force-velocity (F-V) relationship during the bench press (BP) exercise can confirm its experimental linearity as well as to increase the reliability and concurrent validity of the F-V relationship parameters (maximum force (<i>F</i> <sub>0</sub>), maximum velocity (<i>V</i> <sub>0</sub>), F-V slope, and maximum power (<i>P</i> <sub>max</sub>)).<h4>Method</h4>The F-V relationship of 1 ...[more]

PMID: 30425885

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Project description:ObjectiveThe intensity of barbell bench press exercise is generally prescribed as the load to be lifted for a specific number of repetitions; however, other factors (e.g., execution velocity) can affect bench press exercise intensity. Moreover, no study assessed whether load distribution (i.e., the distance between the disc stacks on the two sides of the barbell) affects exercise intensity. The present study aims to assess how different combinations of load, velocity, and barbell load distribution affect the number of repetitions to failure (REPfailure), and rating of perceived exertion (RPEfatigue) and number of repetitions (REPfatigue) at fatigue onset.MethodsTen males (age 23.3±1.8 years) performed bench press exercises to exhaustion using random combinations of three loads (50%, 65%, and 80% of 1 repetition maximum), three execution velocities (50%, 70%, and 90% of maximal concentric velocity), and two load distributions (narrow and wide). Three separate three-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed to assess the effect of load, velocity, and load distribution on REPfailure, RPEfatigue, and REPfatigue expressed as a percentage of REPfailure.ResultsREPfailure was affected by load (p<0.001), velocity (p<0.001), and distribution (p = 0.005). The interactions between load and velocity (p<0.001) and load and distribution (p = 0.004) showed a significant effect on REPfailure, whereas the interaction between velocity and distribution was not significant (p = 0.360). Overall, more REPfailure were performed using lower loads, higher velocities, and a wider distribution. RPEfatigue and REPfatigue were affected by load (p<0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively) and velocity (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), and not by distribution (p = 0.510 and p = 0.571, respectively) or the two-way interaction effects. Overall, using higher loads yielded higher RPEfatigue but lower REPfatigue, while RPEfatigue and REPfatigue were higher when slower velocities were used.ConclusionThe current investigation shows that not only load but also velocity and barbell load distribution may influence bench press training volume and perceived exertion.

Project description:The aim of the study was to examine the test-retest reliability and agreement across methods for assessing individual force-velocity (FV) profiles of the lower limbs in athletes. Using a multicenter approach, 27 male athletes completed all measurements for the main analysis, with up to 82 male and female athletes on some measurements. The athletes were tested twice before and twice after a 2- to 6-month period of regular training and sport participation. The double testing sessions were separated by ~1 week. Individual FV-profiles were acquired from incremental loading protocols in squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and leg press. A force plate, linear encoder and a flight time calculation method were used for measuring force and velocity during SJ and CMJ. A linear regression was fitted to the average force and velocity values for each individual test to extrapolate the FV-variables: theoretical maximal force (F0), velocity (V0), power (Pmax), and the slope of the FV-profile (SFV). Despite strong linearity (R2>0.95) for individual FV-profiles, the SFV was unreliable for all measurement methods assessed during vertical jumping (coefficient of variation (CV): 14-30%, interclass correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.36-0.79). Only the leg press exercise, of the four FV-variables, showed acceptable reliability (CV:3.7-8.3%, ICC:0.82-0.98). The agreement across methods for F0 and Pmax ranged from (Pearson r): 0.56-0.95, standard error of estimate (SEE%): 5.8-18.8, and for V0 and SFV r: -0.39-0.78, SEE%: 12.2-37.2. With a typical error of 1.5 cm (5-10% CV) in jump height, SFV and V0 cannot be accurately obtained, regardless of the measurement method, using a loading range corresponding to 40-70% of F0. Efforts should be made to either reduce the variation in jumping performance or to assess loads closer to the FV-intercepts. Coaches and researchers should be aware of the poor reliability of the FV-variables obtained from vertical jumping, and of the differences across measurement methods.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to compare the validity and reliability of a PUSH band device with a linear encoder to measure movement velocity with different loads during the push-up and bench press exercises. METHODS:Twenty resistance-trained athletes performed push-up and bench press exercises with four different loads: without weight vest, 10-20-30 kg weight vest, bench press: 50-82% of their assumed 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) in steps of 10 kg. A linear encoder (Musclelab) and the PUSH band measured mean and peak velocity during both exercises. Several statistical analyses were used to investigate the validity and reliability of the PUSH band with the linear encoder. RESULTS:The main findings of this study demonstrated only moderate associations between the PUSH band and linear encoder for mean velocity (r = 0.62, 0.70) and peak velocity (r = 0.46, 0.49) for both exercises. Furthermore, a good level of agreement (peak velocity: ICC = 0.60, 0.64; mean velocity: ICC = 0.77, 0.78) was observed between the two measurement devices. However, a significant bias was found with lower velocity values measured with the PUSH band in both exercises. In the push-up, both the linear encoder and PUSH band were deemed very reliable (ICC > 0.98; the coefficient of variation (CV): 5.9-7.3%). Bench press reliability decreased for the PUSH band (ICC < 0.95), and the coefficient of variance increased to (12.8-13.3%) for the velocity measures. Calculated 1 RM with the two devices was the same for the push-up, while in bench press the PUSH band under-estimated the 1 RM by 14 kg compared to the linear encoder. CONCLUSIONS:It was concluded that the PUSH band will show decreased reliability from velocity measures in a bench press exercise and underestimate load-velocity based 1 RM predictions. For training, the PUSH band can be used during push-ups, however caution is suggested when using the device for the purposes of feedback in bench press at increasing loads.

Dataset Information

The addition of very light loads into the routine testing of the bench press increases the reliability of the force-velocity relationship.

Background

Method

Results

Discussion

Publications

The addition of very light loads into the routine testing of the bench press increases the reliability of the force-velocity relationship.

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