Dataset Information

Decreased microbial co-occurrence network stability and SCFA receptor level correlates with obesity in African-origin women.

ABSTRACT: We compared the gut microbial populations in 100 women, from rural Ghana and urban US [50% lean (BMI?2) and 50% obese (BMI???30?kg/m²)] to examine the ecological co-occurrence network topology of the gut microbiota as well as the relationship of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with obesity. Ghanaians consumed significantly more dietary fiber, had greater microbial alpha-diversity, different beta-diversity, and had a greater concentration of total fecal SCFAs (p-value?

SUBMITTER: Dugas LR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6244201 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Decreased microbial co-occurrence network stability and SCFA receptor level correlates with obesity in African-origin women.

Dugas Lara R LR Bernabé Beatriz Peñalver BP Priyadarshini Medha M Fei Na N Park Seo Jin SJ Brown Laquita L Plange-Rhule Jacob J Nelson David D Toh Evelyn C EC Gao Xiang X Dong Qunfeng Q Sun Jun J Kliethermes Stephanie S Gottel Neil N Luke Amy A Gilbert Jack A JA Layden Brian T BT

Scientific reports 20181120 1

We compared the gut microbial populations in 100 women, from rural Ghana and urban US [50% lean (BMI < 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and 50% obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)] to examine the ecological co-occurrence network topology of the gut microbiota as well as the relationship of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with obesity. Ghanaians consumed significantly more dietary fiber, had greater microbial alpha-diversity, different beta-diversity, and had a greater concentration of total fecal SCFAs (p-val ...[more]

PMID: 30459320

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Project description:UnlabelledHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication is strongly dependent upon a programmed ribosomal frameshift. Here we investigate the relationships between the thermodynamic stability of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA frameshift site stem-loop, frameshift efficiency, and infectivity, using pseudotyped HIV-1 and HEK293T cells. The data reveal a strong correlation between frameshift efficiency and local, but not overall, RNA thermodynamic stability. Mutations that modestly increase the local stability of the frameshift site RNA stem-loop structure increase frameshift efficiency 2-fold to 3-fold in cells. Thus, frameshift efficiency is determined by the strength of the thermodynamic barrier encountered by the ribosome. These data agree with previous in vitro measurements, suggesting that there are no virus- or host-specific factors that modulate frameshifting. The data also indicate that there are no sequence-specific requirements for the frameshift site stem-loop. A linear correlation between Gag-polymerase (Gag-Pol) levels in cells and levels in virions supports the idea of a stochastic virion assembly mechanism. We further demonstrate that the surrounding genomic RNA secondary structure influences frameshift efficiency and that a mutation that commonly arises in response to protease inhibitor therapy creates a functional but inefficient secondary slippery site. Finally, HIV-1 mutants with enhanced frameshift efficiencies are significantly less infectious, suggesting that compounds that increase frameshift efficiency by as little as 2-fold may be effective at suppressing HIV-1 replication.ImportanceHIV, like many retroviruses, utilizes a -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift to generate viral enzymes in the form of a Gag-Pol polyprotein precursor. Thus, frameshifting is essential for viral replication. Here, we utilized a panel of mutant HIV strains to demonstrate that in cells, frameshifting efficiency is correlated with the stability of the local thermodynamic barrier to ribosomal translocation. Increasing the stability of the frameshift site RNA increases the frameshift efficiency 2-fold to 3-fold. Mutant viruses with increased frameshift efficiencies have significantly reduced infectivity. These data suggest that this effect might be exploited in the development of novel antiviral strategies.

Dataset Information

Decreased microbial co-occurrence network stability and SCFA receptor level correlates with obesity in African-origin women.

Publications

Decreased microbial co-occurrence network stability and SCFA receptor level correlates with obesity in African-origin women.

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