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Peripheral Endocannabinoids Associated With Energy Expenditure in Native Americans of Southwestern Heritage.

ABSTRACT: Context:The endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as the related acylethanolamide oleoylethanolamide (OEA), have been implicated in energy expenditure (EE) regulation and metabolic diseases. Muscle (fat-free mass) and fat (fat mass) are metabolically active compartments and main determinants of EE. Objective:To assess whether human muscle, adipose, and plasma endocannabinoids correlate with EE. Design:Muscle, adipose, and plasma AEA, 2-AG, and OEA concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. EE was assessed by indirect whole-room calorimetry. Setting:Clinical trial. Participants:Obese/overweight Native Americans of full (n = 35) and at least half (n = 21) Southwestern heritage. Main Outcome Measures:Twenty-four-hour EE, sleeping EE (SLEEP), resting EE (REE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and macronutrient oxidation. Results:In full Natives, muscle AEA concentration correlated with SLEEP (r = -0.65, P = 0.004) and REE (r = -0.53, P = 0.02). Muscle 2-AG was associated with SLEEP (r = -0.75, P = 0.0003). Adipose OEA concentration correlated with RQ (r = -0.47, P = 0.04) and lipid oxidation (r = 0.51, P = 0.03). Plasma OEA concentration was associated with SLEEP (r = -0.52, P = 0.04). After adjustment for major determinants, these lipids explained nearly 20% of the additional variance of the respective measure. Similarly, in Native Americans of at least half Southwestern heritage, investigated lipids correlated with EE measures. Conclusion:Endocannabinoids in metabolically relevant peripheral tissues explained a large part of EE variation and may be involved in regulating EE. Dysregulation of peripheral endocannabinoids may predispose people to metabolic diseases via an effect on EE and lipid oxidation.

SUBMITTER: Heinitz S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6276675 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Peripheral Endocannabinoids Associated With Energy Expenditure in Native Americans of Southwestern Heritage.

Heinitz Sascha S Basolo Alessio A Piaggi Paolo P Piomelli Daniele D Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg Reiner R Krakoff Jonathan J

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20180301 3

<h4>Context</h4>The endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as the related acylethanolamide oleoylethanolamide (OEA), have been implicated in energy expenditure (EE) regulation and metabolic diseases. Muscle (fat-free mass) and fat (fat mass) are metabolically active compartments and main determinants of EE.<h4>Objective</h4>To assess whether human muscle, adipose, and plasma endocannabinoids correlate with EE.<h4>Design</h4>Muscle, adipose, and plasma AEA, 2 ...[more]

PMID: 29300902

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Project description:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Energy expenditure (EE), as reflective of body energy demand, has been proposed to be the key driver of food intake, possibly influencing weight change in humans. Variation in this energy-sensing link (overeating relative to weight-maintaining energy requirements) may lead to weight gain over time. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Sixty-one overweight otherwise healthy Native Americans (age: 34.0?±?7.9?years, body fat: 39.7?±?9.5%, 36 males) were admitted to our clinical research unit for measurements of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 24-h EE and respiratory quotient (RQ) in a whole-room indirect calorimeter during energy balance and weight stability. Following this, ad libitum food intake was assessed for three days using computerized vending machines. Body weight change under unrestricted free-living conditions was assessed at an outpatient follow-up visit (median follow-up time?=?1.7?years). RESULTS:Total ad libitum food intake (3-day average) was positively associated with 24-h EE (r?=?0.44, p?<?0.001), RQ (r?=?0.34, p?=?0.007), and fat free mass (r?=?0.38, p?=?0.002). A relatively greater food intake after accounting for 24-h EE, but not for RQ (p?=?0.30) or for fat free mass (p?=?0.23) nor total food intake (p?=?0.16), predicted weight gain at the outpatient follow-up visit (r?=?0.26, p?=?0.04), such that overeating 100?Kcal/d above the food intake predicted by 24-h EE at baseline was associated with an average weight gain of 0.22?Kg over the follow-up period (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.42?Kg). This was due to relatively greater dietary fat intake (r?=?0.32, p?=?0.01), but not carbohydrate (p?=?0.27) or protein (p?=?0.06) intake. CONCLUSION:The individual propensity to overeating, particularly fat, in excess of the weight-maintaining energy requirements can be assessed and predicts long-term weight gain, suggesting that variation in energy sensing may influence appetite by favoring overeating thus promoting obesity development.

Project description:BackgroundDespite growing scientific interest in the benefits of breaking up sedentary time with intermittent standing or walking, few studies have investigated the energy cost of posture transitions. This study aimed to determine whether posture transitions are associated with increased energy expenditure in preschool children.MethodsForty children (mean age 5.3 ± 1.0y) completed a ~150-min room calorimeter protocol involving sedentary, light, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities. This study utilised data from ~65-min of the protocol, during which children were undertaking sedentary behaviours (TV viewing, drawing/colouring in, and playing with toys on the floor). Posture was coded as sit/lie, stand, walk, or other using direct observation; posture transitions were classified as sit/lie to stand/walk, sit/lie to other, stand/walk to other, or vice versa. Energy expenditure was calculated using the Weir equation and used to calculate individualised MET and activity energy expenditure (AEE) values. Spearman's rank correlations were used to compare the number of posture transitions, in the individual activities separately and combined, with corresponding MET and AEE values. Participants were divided into tertiles based on the number of posture transitions; MET and AEE values of children in the lowest and highest tertiles of posture transitions were compared using unpaired t-tests. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between the total number of posture transitions and average METs (rs = 0.42, p = 0.02) and AEE (rs = 0.43, p = 0.02). MET differences between the lowest and highest tertiles of posture transitions resulted in a small effect size for playing with toys (d = 0.27), and moderate effect sizes for TV viewing, drawing and all three activities combined (d = 0.61, 0.50 and 0.64 respectively). Similar results were found for AEE.ConclusionsResults from this study showed that variation in posture transitions may be associated with variation in energy expenditure in preschool children. The findings suggest that the concept that variation in posture transitions may have meaningful biological or health effects in early childhood is worth investigating further.

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Peripheral Endocannabinoids Associated With Energy Expenditure in Native Americans of Southwestern Heritage.

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Peripheral Endocannabinoids Associated With Energy Expenditure in Native Americans of Southwestern Heritage.

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