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Steam activation of waste biomass: highly microporous carbon, optimization of bisphenol A, and diuron adsorption by response surface methodology.

ABSTRACT: Highly microporous carbons were prepared from argan nut shell (ANS) using steam activation method. The carbons prepared (ANS@H2O-30, ANS@H2O-90, and ANS@H2O-120) were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, nitrogen adsorption, total X-ray fluorescence, and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The ANS@H2O-120 was found to have a high surface area of 2853 m²/g. The adsorption of bisphenol A and diuron on ANS@H2O-120 was investigated. The isotherm data were fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich models. Langmuir isotherm model presented the best fit to the experimental data suggesting micropore filling of ANS@H2O-120. The ANS@H2O-120 adsorbent demonstrated high monolayer adsorption capacity of 1408 and 1087 mg/g for bisphenol A and diuron, respectively. The efficiency of the adsorption was linked to the porous structure and to the availability of the surface adsorption sites on ANS@H2O-120. Response surface method was used to optimize the removal efficiency of bisphenol A and diuron on ANS@H2O-120 from aqueous solution. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

SUBMITTER: Zbair M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6280859 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Steam activation of waste biomass: highly microporous carbon, optimization of bisphenol A, and diuron adsorption by response surface methodology.

Zbair Mohamed M Ainassaari Kaisu K El Assal Zouhair Z Ojala Satu S El Ouahedy Nadia N Keiski Riitta L RL Bensitel Mohammed M Brahmi Rachid R

Environmental science and pollution research international 20181024 35

Highly microporous carbons were prepared from argan nut shell (ANS) using steam activation method. The carbons prepared (ANS@H2O-30, ANS@H2O-90, and ANS@H2O-120) were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, nitrogen adsorption, total X-ray fluorescence, and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The ANS@H2O-120 was found to have a high surface area of 2853 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The adsorption of bisphenol A and diuron on ANS@H2O-120 was inves ...[more]

PMID: 30353441

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Project description:The amine-rich surfaces of pyrolyzed human solid waste (py-HSW) can be "primed" or "regenerated" with carbon dioxide (CO2) to enhance their adsorption of ammonia (NH3) for use as a soil amendment. To better understand the mechanism by which CO2 exposure facilitates NH3 adsorption to py-HSW, we artificially enriched a model sorbent, pyrolyzed, oxidized wood (py-ox wood) with amine functional groups through exposure to NH3. We then exposed these N-enriched materials to CO2 and then resorbed NH3. The high heat of CO2 adsorption (Q st) on py-HSW, 49 kJ mol-1, at low surface coverage, 0.4 mmol CO2 g-1, showed that the naturally occurring N compounds in py-HSW have a high affinity for CO2. The Q st of CO2 on py-ox wood also increased after exposure to NH3, reaching 50 kJ mol-1 at 0.7 mmol CO2 g-1, demonstrating that the incorporation of N-rich functional groups by NH3 adsorption is favorable for CO2 uptake. Adsorption kinetics of py-ox wood revealed continued, albeit diminishing NH3 uptake after each CO2 treatment, averaging 5.9 mmol NH3 g-1 for the first NH3 exposure event and 3.5 and 2.9 mmol NH3 g-1 for the second and third; the electrophilic character of CO2 serves as a Lewis acid, enhancing surface affinity for NH3 uptake. Furthermore, penetration of 15NH3 and 13CO2 measured by NanoSIMS reached over 7 μm deep into both materials, explaining the large NH3 capture. We expected similar NH3 uptake in py-HSW sorbed with CO2 and py-ox wood because both materials, py-HSW and py-ox wood sorbed with NH3, had similar N contents and similarly high CO2 uptake. Yet NH3 sorption in py-HSW was unexpectedly low, apparently from potassium (K) bicarbonate precipitation, reducing interactions between NH3 and sorbed CO2; 2-fold greater surface K in py-HSW was detected after exposure to CO2 and NH3 than before gas exposure. We show that amine-rich pyrolyzed waste materials have high CO2 affinity, which facilitates NH3 uptake. However, high ash contents as found in py-HSW hinder this mechanism.

Dataset Information

Steam activation of waste biomass: highly microporous carbon, optimization of bisphenol A, and diuron adsorption by response surface methodology.

Publications

Steam activation of waste biomass: highly microporous carbon, optimization of bisphenol A, and diuron adsorption by response surface methodology.

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