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NPR1 paralogs of Arabidopsis and their role in salicylic acid perception.

ABSTRACT: Salicylic acid (SA) is responsible for certain plant defence responses and NON EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED 1 (NPR1) is the master regulator of SA perception. In Arabidopsis thaliana there are five paralogs of NPR1. In this work we tested the role of these paralogs in SA perception by generating combinations of mutants and transgenics. NPR2 was the only paralog able to partially complement an npr1 mutant. The null npr2 reduces SA perception in combination with npr1 or other paralogs. NPR2 and NPR1 interacted in all the conditions tested, and NPR2 also interacted with other SA-related proteins as NPR1 does. The remaining paralogs behaved differently in SA perception, depending on the genetic background, and the expression of some of the genes induced by SA in an npr1 background was affected by the presence of the paralogs. NPR2 fits all the requirements of an SA receptor while the remaining paralogs also work as SA receptors with a strong hierarchy. According to the data presented here, the closer the gene is to NPR1, the more relevant its role in SA perception.

SUBMITTER: Castello MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6310259 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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NPR1 paralogs of Arabidopsis and their role in salicylic acid perception.

Castelló María José MJ Medina-Puche Laura L Lamilla Julián J Tornero Pablo P

PloS one 20181228 12

Salicylic acid (SA) is responsible for certain plant defence responses and NON EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED 1 (NPR1) is the master regulator of SA perception. In Arabidopsis thaliana there are five paralogs of NPR1. In this work we tested the role of these paralogs in SA perception by generating combinations of mutants and transgenics. NPR2 was the only paralog able to partially complement an npr1 mutant. The null npr2 reduces SA perception in combination with npr1 or other paralogs. NPR2 a ...[more]

PMID: 30592744

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Project description:NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS1 (NPR1; also known as NIM1) is a master regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SAR is induced by salicylic acid (SA), leading to the expression of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) genes. Current evidence suggests that NPR1 is part of a transcription complex tethered to activation sequence-1 (as-1)-like cis-acting elements in PR-1 gene promoters through TGA transcription factors, and that SA-dependent PR-1 gene expression is regulated by NIM1-INTERACTING (NIMIN) proteins. In Arabidopsis, NPR1 is active only after SA induction. Regulation of Arabidopsis NPR1 activity has been proposed to comprise cysteine-156 (Cys-156), mediating SA-induced cytoplasmic oligomer-nuclear monomer exchange, and Cys-521 and Cys-529, mediating SA-dependent transcriptional activation. Tobacco NPR1 does not harbour these residues. To understand the function of tobacco NPR1, we analysed its biochemical capabilities in a heterologous system: yeast. Tobacco NPR1 differs from Arabidopsis NPR1 in its subcellular localization and its transactivation potential. Yet, both tobacco and Arabidopsis NPR1, as well as tobacco NIM1-like1, alter some of their biochemical activities in response to SA. Whereas the addition of SA to yeast growth medium induces transcriptional activity in tobacco NPR1, its interaction with NIMIN2-type proteins is suppressed. The effects of SA are specific, sensitive and occur coordinately. They are abolished completely by mutation of the arginine residue within the invariable penta-amino acid motif LENRV, as present in the nonfunctional Arabidopsis nim1-4 allele. Furthermore, NPR1 proteins with the LENRV domain coincidently harbour a broad and strongly conserved NIMIN1/NIMIN2 binding site. Our data suggest that NPR1 and some NPR1-like proteins are sensitive to the plant hormone SA, altering some of their biochemical capabilities to enable stimulus-dependent gene expression. The sensitivity of NPR1 proteins to SA, together with their differential interaction with diverse NIMIN proteins, seems a plausible molecular basis for the timely and coordinated activation of PR genes during SAR.

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NPR1 paralogs of Arabidopsis and their role in salicylic acid perception.

Publications

NPR1 paralogs of Arabidopsis and their role in salicylic acid perception.

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