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Automated and Accelerated Synthesis of Indole Derivatives on a Nano-Scale.

ABSTRACT: Automated, miniaturized and accelerated synthesis for efficient property optimization is a formidable challenge for chemistry in the 21st century as it helps to reduce resources and waste and can deliver products in shorter time frames. Here, we used for the first-time acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) technology and fast quality control to screen efficiency of synthetic reactions on a nanomole scale in an automated and miniaturized fashion. The interrupted Fischer indole combined with Ugi-type reactions yielded several attractive drug-like scaffolds. In 384-well plates, a diverse set of interrupted Fischer indole intermediates were produced and reacted to the tricyclic hydantoin backbone by a 2-step sequence. Similarly, preformed Fischer indole intermediates were used to produce divers sets of Ugi products and the efficiency was compared to the in-situ method. Multiple reactions were resynthesized on a preparative millimole scale, showing scalability from nano to mg and thus synthetic utility. An unprecedented large number of building was used for fast scope and limitation studies (68 isocyanides, 72 carboxylic acids). Miniaturization and analysis of the generated big synthesis data enabled deeper exploration of the chemical space and permitted gain of knowledge that was previously impractical or impossible, such as the rapid survey of reactions, building block and functional group compatibility.

SUBMITTER: Shaabani S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6342289 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Automated and Accelerated Synthesis of Indole Derivatives on a Nano-Scale.

Shaabani Shabnam S Xu Ruixue R Ahmadianmoghaddam Maryam M Gao Li L Stahorsky Martin M Olechno Joe J Ellson Richard R Kossenjans Michael M Helan Victoria V Dömling Alexander A

Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC 20181221 2

Automated, miniaturized and accelerated synthesis for efficient property optimization is a formidable challenge for chemistry in the 21<sup>st</sup> century as it helps to reduce resources and waste and can deliver products in shorter time frames. Here, we used for the first-time acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) technology and fast quality control to screen efficiency of synthetic reactions on a nanomole scale in an automated and miniaturized fashion. The interrupted Fischer indole combined with ...[more]

PMID: 30686932

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Project description:Background:In search of effective antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents, a series of indole hybridized diazenyl derivatives (DS-1 to DS-21) was efficiently prepared by condensation of diazotized p-aminoacetophenone with indole or nitroindole followed by reaction with different aromatic/heteroaromatic amines of biological significance. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Methodology:The antimicrobial evaluation of DS-1 to DS-23 was done by tube dilution method against various pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The active antimicrobial derivatives were further evaluated for cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma cell line (HCT-116), breast cancer cell line (MDAMB231), leukemic cancer cell line (K562), and normal cell line (HEK293) by MTT assay using doxorubicin as the standard drug. The test derivatives were additionally docked for the B-subunit of enzyme DNA gyrase from E. coli at the ATPase binding site to study the molecular interactions using Schrodinger maestro v11.5 software. Results and discussion:Most of the synthesized derivatives have shown high activity against Gram-negative bacteria particularly E. coli and K. pneumonia with MIC ranging from 1.95 to 7.81 ?g/ml. The derivatives have demonstrated very less activity against tested Gram positive bacterial and fungal strains. The derivatives DS-14 and DS-20 have been found to active against breast cancer cell line and human colon carcinoma cell line having IC50 in the range of 19-65 µg/ml. All the derivatives were found to less potent against leukemic cancer cell line. The synthesized derivatives have revealed their safety by exhibiting very less cytotoxicity against the normal cell line (HEK-293) with IC50?>?100 µg/ml. Most of the active derivatives have shown good docking scores in comparison to the standard drugs against DNA gyrase from E. coli. Further ADME predictions by Qikprop module of the Schrodinger confirmed these molecules have drug like properties. Conclusion:The derivatives DS-14 and DS-20 have shown potential against Gram-negative bacteria and breast cancer cell line and can be used as a lead for rational drug designing of the antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents..

Project description:A series of indole derivatives was designed and synthesised to improve on activity and circumvent pharmacokinetic limitations experienced with the structurally related compound, ladostigil. The compounds consisted of a propargylamine moiety (a known MAO inhibitor and neuroprotector) at the N1 position and a ChE inhibiting diethyl-carbamate/urea moiety at the 5 or 6 position of the indole ring. In order to prevent or slow down the in vivo hydrolysis and deactivation associated with the carbamate function of ladostigil, a urea moeity was incorporated into selected compounds to obtain more metabolically stable structures. The majority of the synthesised compounds showed improved MAO-A inhibitory activity compared to ladostigil. The compounds possessing the propargylamine moiety showed good MAO-B inhibitory activity with 6 and 8 portraying IC50 values between 14-20 fold better than ladostigil. The ChE assay results indicated that the compounds have non-selective inhibitory activities on eeAChE and eqBuChE regardless of the type or position of substitution (IC50: 2-5 ?M). MAO-A and MAO-B docking results showed that the propargylamine moiety was positioned in close proximity to the FAD cofactor suggesting that the good inhibitory activity may be attributed to the propargylamine moiety and irreversible inhibition as confirmed in the reversibility studies. Docking results also indicated that the compounds have interactions with important amino acids in the AChE and BuChE catalytic sites. Compound 6 was the most potent multifunctional agent showing better inhibitory activity than ladostigil in vitro on all enzymes tested (hMAO-A IC50 = 4.31 ?M, hMAO-B IC50 = 2.62 ?M, eeAChE IC50 = 3.70 ?M, eqBuChE IC50 = 2.82 ?M). Chemical stability tests confirmed the diethyl-urea containing compound 6 to be more stable than its diethyl-carbamate containing counterpart compound 8. Compound 6 also exerted significant neuroprotection (52.62% at 1 ?M) against MPP+ insult to SH-SY5Y neural cells and has good in silico predicted ADMET properties. The favourable neuronal enzyme inhibitory activity, likely improved pharmacokinetic properties in vivo and the potent neuroprotective ability of compound 6 make it a promising compound for further development.

Dataset Information

Automated and Accelerated Synthesis of Indole Derivatives on a Nano-Scale.

Publications

Automated and Accelerated Synthesis of Indole Derivatives on a Nano-Scale.

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