Dataset Information

Distress tolerance and cannabis craving: The impact of laboratory-induced distress.

ABSTRACT: Low levels of distress tolerance have been identified as an important vulnerability factor for negative cannabis outcomes. The current study is the first known experimental manipulation of state distress to test whether distress tolerance interacts with state distress to predict the urge to use cannabis. Current cannabis users (N = 126; 88.9% with cannabis use disorder; 54.0% non-Hispanic Caucasian) were randomly assigned to a distress task condition or neutral (reading) task condition. Participants in the 2 conditions did not differ on distress tolerance, negative affect (NA), or craving at baseline. The distress tolerance × condition interaction significantly predicted task NA, such that low (but not high) distress tolerance was related to greater state NA throughout the task. The distress tolerance × condition interaction significantly predicted cannabis craving during the task, such that the distress condition was related to greater cannabis craving at lower (but not higher) levels of distress tolerance. In the distress condition, those who endorsed coping motives during the task reported lower distress tolerance. Together these findings suggest that individuals with lower distress tolerance experienced greater NA during a laboratory-induced distress and reported greater cannabis craving when NA was greatest during the task. This experimental study adds to a growing, but limited, literature implicating lower levels of distress tolerance to the maintenance and relapse of cannabis use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

SUBMITTER: Buckner JD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6355373 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Distress tolerance and cannabis craving: The impact of laboratory-induced distress.

Buckner Julia D JD Walukevich Dienst Katherine K Zvolensky Michael J MJ

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology 20181022 1

Low levels of distress tolerance have been identified as an important vulnerability factor for negative cannabis outcomes. The current study is the first known experimental manipulation of state distress to test whether distress tolerance interacts with state distress to predict the urge to use cannabis. Current cannabis users (N = 126; 88.9% with cannabis use disorder; 54.0% non-Hispanic Caucasian) were randomly assigned to a distress task condition or neutral (reading) task condition. Particip ...[more]

PMID: 30346191

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Project description:RATIONALE:Drug-related cues evoke craving and stimulate motivational systems in the brain. The acoustic startle reflex captures activation of these motivational processes and affords a unique measure of reactivity to drug cues. OBJECTIVES:This study examined the effects of cannabis-related cues on subjective and eye blink startle reactivity in the human laboratory and tested whether these effects predicted youth's cue-elicited cannabis craving in the natural environment. METHODS:Participants were 55 frequent cannabis users, ages 16 to 24 years (M?=?19.9, SD?=?1.9; 55% male; 56% met criteria for cannabis dependence), who were recruited from a clinical trial to reduce cannabis use. Eye blink electromyographic activity was recorded in response to acoustic probes that elicited startle reactivity while participants viewed pleasant, unpleasant, neutral, and cannabis picture cues. Following the startle assessment, participants completed an ecological momentary assessment protocol that involved repeated assessments of cue-elicited craving in real time in their real-world environments. RESULTS:Multilevel models included the presence or absence of visible cannabis cues in the natural environment, startle magnitude, and the cross-level interaction of cues by startle to test whether cue-modulated startle reactivity in the laboratory was associated with cue-elicited craving in the natural environment. Analyses showed that cannabis-related stimuli evoked an appetitive startle response pattern in the laboratory, and this effect was associated with increased cue-elicited craving in the natural environment, b?=?- 0.15, p?=?.022, 95% CI [- 0.28, - 0.02]. Pleasant stimuli also evoked an appetitive response pattern, but in this case, blunted response was associated with increased cue-elicited craving in the natural environment, b?=?0.27, p?<?.001, 95% CI [0.12, 0.43]. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings support cue-modulated startle reactivity as an index of the phenotypic expression of cue-elicited cannabis craving.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Cannabis dependence is a significant public health problem. Because there are no approved medications for this condition, treatment must rely on behavioral approaches empirically complemented by such lifestyle change as exercise. AIMS:To examine the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on cannabis craving and use in cannabis dependent adults under normal living conditions. DESIGN:Participants attended 10 supervised 30-min treadmill exercise sessions standardized using heart rate (HR) monitoring (60-70% HR reserve) over 2 weeks. Exercise sessions were conducted by exercise physiologists under medical oversight. PARTICIPANTS:Sedentary or minimally active non-treatment seeking cannabis-dependent adults (n?=?12, age 25±3 years, 8 females) met criteria for primary cannabis dependence using the Substance Abuse module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). MEASUREMENTS:Self-reported drug use was assessed for 1-week before, during, and 2-weeks after the study. Participants viewed visual cannabis cues before and after exercise in conjunction with assessment of subjective cannabis craving using the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ-SF). FINDINGS:Daily cannabis use within the run-in period was 5.9 joints per day (SD?=?3.1, range 1.8-10.9). Average cannabis use levels within the exercise (2.8 joints, SD?=?1.6, range 0.9-5.4) and follow-up (4.1 joints, SD?=?2.5, range 1.1-9.5) periods were lower than during the run-in period (both P<.005). Average MCQ factor scores for the pre- and post-exercise craving assessments were reduced for compulsivity (P ?=?.006), emotionality (P ?=?.002), expectancy (P ?=?.002), and purposefulness (P ?=?.002). CONCLUSIONS:The findings of this pilot study warrant larger, adequately powered controlled trials to test the efficacy of prescribed moderate aerobic exercise as a component of cannabis dependence treatment. The neurobiological mechanisms that account for these beneficial effects on cannabis use may lead to understanding of the physical and emotional underpinnings of cannabis dependence and recovery from this disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00838448].

Dataset Information

Distress tolerance and cannabis craving: The impact of laboratory-induced distress.

Publications

Distress tolerance and cannabis craving: The impact of laboratory-induced distress.

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