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Structure of a (3+1) hybrid G-quadruplex in the PARP1 promoter.

ABSTRACT: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) has emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its key role in DNA repair processes. Inhibition of PARP1 in BRCA-mutated cancers has been observed to be clinically beneficial. Recent genome-mapping experiments have identified a non-canonical G-quadruplex-forming sequence containing bulges within the PARP1 promoter. Structural features, like bulges, provide opportunities for selective chemical targeting of the non-canonical G-quadruplex structure within the PARP1 promoter, which could serve as an alternative therapeutic approach for the regulation of PARP1 expression. Here we report the G-quadruplex structure formed by a 23-nucleotide G-rich sequence in the PARP1 promoter. Our study revealed a three-layered intramolecular (3+1) hybrid G-quadruplex scaffold, in which three strands are oriented in one direction and the fourth in the opposite direction. This structure exhibits unique structural features such as an adenine bulge and a G·G·T base triple capping structure formed between the central edgewise loop, propeller loop and 5' flanking terminal. Given the highly important role of PARP1 in DNA repair and cancer intervention, this structure presents an attractive opportunity to explore the therapeutic potential of PARP1 inhibition via G-quadruplex DNA targeting.

SUBMITTER: Sengar A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6379715 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structure of a (3+1) hybrid G-quadruplex in the PARP1 promoter.

Sengar Anjali A Vandana J Jeya JJ Chambers Vicki S VS Di Antonio Marco M Winnerdy Fernaldo Richtia FR Balasubramanian Shankar S Phan Anh Tuân AT

Nucleic acids research 20190201 3

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) has emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its key role in DNA repair processes. Inhibition of PARP1 in BRCA-mutated cancers has been observed to be clinically beneficial. Recent genome-mapping experiments have identified a non-canonical G-quadruplex-forming sequence containing bulges within the PARP1 promoter. Structural features, like bulges, provide opportunities for selective chemical targeting of the non-canonical G-quadruplex struct ...[more]

PMID: 30551210

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Project description:BackgroundPoly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a chromatin-associated enzyme that participates in processes such as transcription and DNA repair through the regulation of chromatin structure. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for PARP1 enzymatic activity in promoting CNS inflammation by facilitating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in glial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PARP1 enzymatic activity mediates this process are not well understood. In this report we sought to determine the molecular mechanisms by which PARP1 enzymatic activity facilitates the expression of Il1? and TNF in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells.MethodsPARP1 enzymatic activity and histone ADP-ribosylation were measured in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells by radioactive labelling with (32)P-NAD(+). To assess the effect of histone ADP-ribosylation on nucleosome structure, in vitro nucleosome remodeling, nuclease accessibility and binding assays were performed. These studies were complemented by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in resting and LPS-stimulated BV2 cells in order to determine the occupancy of PARP1, nucleosomes and the RelA subunit of NF-?B, as well as ADP-ribosylation, at the Il1? and Tnf promoters. Finally, we determined the effect of pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity on the LPS stimulation-dependent induction of Il1? and Tnf mRNA.ResultsOur results indicate that LPS stimulation induces PARP1 enzymatic activity and histone ADP-ribosylation in the chromatin compartment of BV2 cells. In vitro studies show that nucleosome-bound PARP1 disrupts nucleosome structure histone ADP-ribosylation, increasing the accessibility of nucleosomal DNA. Consistent with this PARP1 is constitutively associated with at the Il1? and Tnf promoters in resting BV2 cells. Upon stimulation with LPS, ADP-ribosylation is observed at these promoters, and this is correlated with increased recruitment of the transcription factor NF-?B, resulting in robust transcription of these inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduces NF-?B recruitment, and Il1? and Tnf expression in LPS-stimulated microglia.ConclusionsCollectively, our data suggest that PARP1 facilitates inflammatory cytokine expression in microglia by increasing the accessibility of promoter DNA via histone ADP-riboyslation.

Dataset Information

Structure of a (3+1) hybrid G-quadruplex in the PARP1 promoter.

Publications

Structure of a (3+1) hybrid G-quadruplex in the PARP1 promoter.

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