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Dietary ?-3 fatty acids alter the lipid mediator profile and alleviate allergic conjunctivitis without modulating T_h2 immune responses.

ABSTRACT: Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is one of the most common ocular surface diseases in the world. In AC, T helper type 2 (T_h2) immune responses play central roles in orchestrating inflammatory responses. However, the roles of lipid mediators in the onset and progression of AC remain to be fully explored. Although previous reports have shown the beneficial effects of supplementation of ?-3 fatty acids in asthma or atopic dermatitis, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, a diet rich in ?-3 fatty acids alleviated AC symptoms in both early and late phases without affecting T_h2 immune responses, but rather by altering the lipid mediator profiles. The ?-3 fatty acids completely suppressed scratching behavior toward the eyes, an allergic reaction provoked by itch. Although total serum IgE levels and the expression levels of T_h2 cytokines and chemokines in the conjunctiva were not altered by ?-3 fatty acids, eosinophil infiltration into the conjunctiva was dramatically suppressed. The levels of ?-6-derived proinflammatory lipid mediators, including those with chemoattractant properties for eosinophils, were markedly reduced in the conjunctivae of ?-3 diet-fed mice. Dietary ?-3 fatty acids can alleviate a variety of symptoms of AC by altering the lipid mediator profile.-Hirakata, T., Lee, H.-C., Ohba, M., Saeki, K., Okuno, T., Murakami, A., Matsuda, A., Yokomizo, T. Dietary ?-3 fatty acids alter the lipid mediator profile and alleviate allergic conjunctivitis without modulating T_h2 immune responses.

SUBMITTER: Hirakata T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6404575 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary ω-3 fatty acids alter the lipid mediator profile and alleviate allergic conjunctivitis without modulating T<sub>h</sub>2 immune responses.

Hirakata Toshiaki T Lee Hyeon-Cheol HC Ohba Mai M Saeki Kazuko K Okuno Toshiaki T Murakami Akira A Matsuda Akira A Yokomizo Takehiko T

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20181101 3

Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is one of the most common ocular surface diseases in the world. In AC, T helper type 2 (T<sub>h</sub>2) immune responses play central roles in orchestrating inflammatory responses. However, the roles of lipid mediators in the onset and progression of AC remain to be fully explored. Although previous reports have shown the beneficial effects of supplementation of ω-3 fatty acids in asthma or atopic dermatitis, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. ...[more]

PMID: 30383446

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Project description:Obesity increases the risk for cardiomyopathy in the absence of comorbidities. Myocardial structure is modified by dietary fatty acids. Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with Western (WES) diet consumption, whereas intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with antihypertrophic effects. We previously observed no attenuation of left ventricular thickening after 3 months of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation of a WES diet, compared with WES diet intake alone, in rats that had similar weight, adiposity, and insulin sensitivity to control animals. The objective of this study was to define left ventricular gene expression in these animals to determine whether diet alone was associated with a physiologic or pathologic hypertrophic response. We hypothesized that WES diet consumption would favor a pathologic or maladaptive myocardial gene expression pattern and that DHA supplementation would favor a physiologic or adaptive response. Microarray analysis identified 64 transcripts that were differentially expressed (P ? .001) within one or more treatment comparisons. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, 29 genes with fold change at least 1.74 were successfully validated; all but 3 had similar directionality to that observed using microarray, and 2 genes, connective tissue growth factor and cathepsin M, were differentially expressed according to diet. WES blot analysis was performed on 4 proteins relevant to myocardial hypertrophy and metabolism. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, B-cell translocation gene 2, and carbonic anhydrase III showed directional change consistent with gene expression. Retinol saturase (all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase), although not consistent with gene expression, was different according to diet, with increased concentrations in WES-fed rats compared with control and DHA-supplemented animals. Diet did not distinguish a transcriptome reflecting physiologic or pathologic myocardial hypertrophy; furthermore, the modest changes observed suggest that obesity and associated comorbidities may play a larger role than mere dietary fatty acid composition in development of cardiomyopathy.

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Dietary ?-3 fatty acids alter the lipid mediator profile and alleviate allergic conjunctivitis without modulating T_h2 immune responses.

Publications

Dietary ω-3 fatty acids alter the lipid mediator profile and alleviate allergic conjunctivitis without modulating T<sub>h</sub>2 immune responses.

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Dietary ?-3 fatty acids alter the lipid mediator profile and alleviate allergic conjunctivitis without modulating Th2 immune responses.

Publications

Dietary ω-3 fatty acids alter the lipid mediator profile and alleviate allergic conjunctivitis without modulating T<sub>h</sub>2 immune responses.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Dietary ?-3 fatty acids alter the lipid mediator profile and alleviate allergic conjunctivitis without modulating T_h2 immune responses.