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The Long Pentraxin PTX3 as a Link Between Innate Immunity, Tissue Remodeling, and Cancer.

ABSTRACT: The innate immune system comprises a cellular and a humoral arm. Humoral pattern recognition molecules include complement components, collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins. These molecules are involved in innate immune responses by recognizing microbial moieties and damaged tissues, activating complement, exerting opsonic activity and facilitating phagocytosis, and regulating inflammation. The long pentraxin PTX3 is a prototypic humoral pattern recognition molecule that, in addition to providing defense against infectious agents, plays several functions in tissue repair and regulation of cancer-related inflammation. Characterization of the PTX3 molecular structure and biochemical properties, and insights into its interactome and multiple roles in tissue damage and remodeling support the view that microbial and matrix recognition are evolutionarily conserved functions of humoral innate immunity molecules.

SUBMITTER: Doni A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6459138 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Long Pentraxin PTX3 as a Link Between Innate Immunity, Tissue Remodeling, and Cancer.

Doni Andrea A Stravalaci Matteo M Inforzato Antonio A Magrini Elena E Mantovani Alberto A Garlanda Cecilia C Bottazzi Barbara B

Frontiers in immunology 20190404

The innate immune system comprises a cellular and a humoral arm. Humoral pattern recognition molecules include complement components, collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins. These molecules are involved in innate immune responses by recognizing microbial moieties and damaged tissues, activating complement, exerting opsonic activity and facilitating phagocytosis, and regulating inflammation. The long pentraxin PTX3 is a prototypic humoral pattern recognition molecule that, in addition to providing ...[more]

PMID: 31019517

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The "sweet" side of a long pentraxin: how glycosylation affects PTX3 functions in innate immunity and inflammation.

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| S-EPMC3539679 | biostudies-literature

The Long Pentraxin PTX3 as a Humoral Innate Immunity Functional Player and Biomarker of Infections and Sepsis.

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PTX3, a Humoral Pattern Recognition Molecule, in Innate Immunity, Tissue Repair, and Cancer.

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The Long Pentraxin PTX3 Controls <i>Klebsiella Pneumoniae</i> Severe Infection.

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Prediction of Respiratory Failure and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Using Long Pentraxin PTX3.

Project description:The course of COVID-19 is unpredictable, ranging from asymptomatic to respiratory failure and death. Prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. We hypothesized that long pentraxin PTX3 could be a valuable plasma biomarker due to its essential role in inflammatory processes. In a prospective hospitalized COVID-19 derivation cohort (n = 126) during the spring of 2020, we measured PTX3 within 4 days of admission. The predictive value of mechanical ventilation (MV) and 30-day mortality compared with clinical parameters and other markers of inflammation were assessed by logistic regression analysis and expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Analyses were repeated in a prospective validation cohort (n = 112) of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with remdesivir and dexamethasone. Thirty-day mortality in the derivation cohort was 26.2%. In patients who died, the median PTX3 concentration upon admission was 19.5 ng/mL (IQR: 12.5-33.3) versus 6.6 ng/mL (IQR 2.9-12.3) (p < 0.0001) for survivors. After adjustment for covariates, the odds of 30-day mortality increased two-fold for each doubling of PTX3 (OR 2.03 [95% CI: 1.23-3.34], p = 0.006), which was also observed in the validation cohort (OR 1.70 [95% CI: 1.09-2.67], p = 0.02). Similarly, PTX3 levels were associated with MV. After adjustment for covariates, OR of MV was 2.34 (95% CI: 1.33-4.12, p = 0.003) in the derivation cohort and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.03-2.62, p = 0.04) in the validation cohort. PTX3 appears to be a useful clinical biomarker to predict 30-day respiratory failure and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients treated with and without remdesivir and dexamethasone.

| S-EPMC9059012 | biostudies-literature

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