Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Improving Time Estimation in Witness Memory.

ABSTRACT: The present study sought to determine whether witness memory for duration could be improved. In three studies, we examined the effects of unpacking (breaking an event into its component parts), anchoring (supplying participants with a reference duration), and summation (summing component estimates). Participants watched a video-recorded mock crime and provided duration estimates for components of the crime (e.g., casing the car, unlocking the door, etc.) and for the total crime. Results indicate that bias in estimated duration was less for the sum of the parts than it was for the overall duration estimate. Further, the sum of the individual parts did not equal the total estimate, even though all estimates were given in sequence. Summing the component parts could be a more successful intervention than anchoring or unpacking and is easy to employ with witnesses.

SUBMITTER: Gasper HL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6621925 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Improving Time Estimation in Witness Memory.

Gasper Holly L HL Roy Michael M MM Flowe Heather D HD

Frontiers in psychology 20190627

The present study sought to determine whether witness memory for duration could be improved. In three studies, we examined the effects of unpacking (breaking an event into its component parts), anchoring (supplying participants with a reference duration), and summation (summing component estimates). Participants watched a video-recorded mock crime and provided duration estimates for components of the crime (e.g., casing the car, unlocking the door, etc.) and for the total cr ...[more]

PMID: 31333529

Similar Datasets

Rapport building and witness memory: Actions may 'speak' louder than words.

Project description:Building rapport during police interviews is argued as important for improving on the completeness and accuracy of information provided by witnesses and victims. However, little experimental research has clearly operationalised rapport and investigated the impact of rapport behaviours on episodic memory. Eighty adults watched a video of a mock crime event and 24-hours later were randomly allocated to an interview condition where verbal and/or behavioural (non-verbal) rapport techniques were manipulated. Memorial performance measures revealed significantly more correct information, without a concomitant increase in errors, was elicited when behavioural rapport was present, a superiority effect found in both the free and probed recall phase of interviews. The presence of verbal rapport was found to reduce recall accuracy in the free recall phase of interviews. Post-interview feedback revealed significant multivariate effects for the presence of behavioural (only) rapport and combined (behavioural + verbal) rapport. Participants rated their interview experience far more positively when these types of rapport were present compared to when verbal (only) rapport or no rapport was present. These findings add weight to the importance of rapport in supporting eyewitness cognition, highlighting the potential consequences of impoverished social behaviours for building rapport during dyadic interactions, suggesting 'doing' rather than simply 'saying' may be more beneficial.

| S-EPMC8362973 | biostudies-literature

An Intrinsic Role of Beta Oscillations in Memory for Time Estimation.

Project description:The neural mechanisms underlying time perception are of vital importance to a comprehensive understanding of behavior and cognition. Recent work has suggested a supramodal role for beta oscillations in measuring temporal intervals. However, the precise function of beta oscillations and whether their manipulation alters timing has yet to be determined. To accomplish this, we first re-analyzed two, separate EEG datasets and demonstrate that beta oscillations are associated with the retention and comparison of a memory standard for duration. We next conducted a study of 20 human participants using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), over frontocentral cortex, at alpha and beta frequencies, during a visual temporal bisection task, finding that beta stimulation exclusively shifts the perception of time such that stimuli are reported as longer in duration. Finally, we decomposed trialwise choice data with a drift diffusion model of timing, revealing that the shift in timing is caused by a change in the starting point of accumulation, rather than the drift rate or threshold. Our results provide evidence for the intrinsic involvement of beta oscillations in the perception of time, and point to a specific role for beta oscillations in the encoding and retention of memory for temporal intervals.

| S-EPMC5964239 | biostudies-literature

Predicting and Improving Recognition Memory Using Multiple Electrophysiological Signals in Real Time.

Project description:Although people are capable of storing a virtually infinite amount of information in memory, their ability to encode new information is far from perfect. The quality of encoding varies from moment to moment and renders some memories more accessible than others. Here, we were able to forecast the likelihood that a given item will be later recognized by monitoring two dissociable fluctuations of the electroencephalogram during encoding. Next, we identified individual items that were poorly encoded, using our electrophysiological measures in real time, and we successfully improved the efficacy of learning by having participants restudy these items. Thus, our memory forecasts using multiple electrophysiological signals demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of using real-time monitoring of the moment-to-moment fluctuations of the quality of memory encoding to improve learning.

| S-EPMC4643667 | biostudies-literature

The effect of attention and working memory on the estimation of elapsed time.

Project description:Psychological models of time perception involve attention and memory: while attention typically regulates the flow of events, memory maintains timed events or intervals. The precise, and possibly distinct, roles of attention and memory in time perception remain debated. In this behavioral study, we tested 48 participants in a prospective duration estimation task while they fully attended to time or performed a working memory (WM) task. We report that paying attention to time lengthened perceived duration in the range of seconds to minutes, whereas diverting attention away from time shortened perceived duration. The overestimation due to attending to time did not scale with durations. To the contrary, increasing WM load systematically decreased subjective duration and this effect scaled with durations. Herein, we discuss the dissociation between attention and WM in timing and scalar variability from the perspective of Bayesian models of time estimations.

| S-EPMC5923266 | biostudies-literature

Improving efficiency of parameter estimation in case-cohort studies with multivariate failure time data.

Project description:The case-cohort study design is an effective way to reduce cost of assembling and measuring expensive covariates in large cohort studies. Recently, several weighted estimators were proposed for the case-cohort design when multiple diseases are of interest. However, these existing weighted estimators do not make effective use of the covariate information available in the whole cohort. Furthermore, the auxiliary information for the expensive covariates, which may be available in the studies, cannot be incorporated directly. In this article, we propose a class of updated-estimators. We show that, by making effective use of the whole cohort information, the proposed updated-estimators are guaranteed to be more efficient than the existing weighted estimators asymptotically. Furthermore, they are flexible to incorporate the auxiliary information whenever available. The advantages of the proposed updated-estimators are demonstrated in simulation studies and a real data analysis.

| S-EPMC5522786 | biostudies-literature

Estimation in the semiparametric accelerated failure time model with missing covariates: improving efficiency through augmentation.

Project description:This paper considers linear regression with missing covariates and a right censored outcome. We first consider a general two-phase outcome sampling design, where full covariate information is only ascertained for subjects in phase two and sampling occurs under an independent Bernoulli sampling scheme with known subject-specific sampling probabilities that depend on phase one information (e.g., survival time, failure status and covariates). The semiparametric information bound is derived for estimating the regression parameter in this setting. We also introduce a more practical class of augmented estimators that is shown to improve asymptotic efficiency over simple but inefficient inverse probability of sampling weighted estimators. Estimation for known sampling weights and extensions to the case of estimated sampling weights are both considered. The allowance for estimated sampling weights permits covariates to be missing at random according to a monotone but unknown mechanism. The asymptotic properties of the augmented estimators are derived and simulation results demonstrate substantial efficiency improvements over simpler inverse probability of sampling weighted estimators in the indicated settings. With suitable modification, the proposed methodology can also be used to improve augmented estimators previously used for missing covariates in a Cox regression model.

| S-EPMC7540935 | biostudies-literature

Quantum interferometric visibility as a witness of general relativistic proper time.

Project description:Current attempts to probe general relativistic effects in quantum mechanics focus on precision measurements of phase shifts in matter-wave interferometry. Yet, phase shifts can always be explained as arising because of an Aharonov-Bohm effect, where a particle in a flat space-time is subject to an effective potential. Here we propose a quantum effect that cannot be explained without the general relativistic notion of proper time. We consider interference of a 'clock'-a particle with evolving internal degrees of freedom-that will not only display a phase shift, but also reduce the visibility of the interference pattern. According to general relativity, proper time flows at different rates in different regions of space-time. Therefore, because of quantum complementarity, the visibility will drop to the extent to which the path information becomes available from reading out the proper time from the 'clock'. Such a gravitationally induced decoherence would provide the first test of the genuine general relativistic notion of proper time in quantum mechanics.

| S-EPMC3221301 | biostudies-other

GTestimate: Improving relative gene expression estimation in scRNA-seq using the Good-Turing estimator

Project description:Single-cell RNA-seq suffers from unwanted technical variation between cells, caused by its complex experiments and shallow sequencing depths. We present GTestimate a new normalization method based on the Good-Turing estimator, which improves upon conventional methods by accounting for unobserved genes. We validate GTestimate using new ultra-deep sequencing data, generated via a novel cell targeted PCR-amplification approach, and show substantial improvements in cell-cell distance estimation and downstream results.

2024-07-31 | GSE268930 | GEO

Improving ultrasound-based prostate volume estimation.

Project description:BACKGROUND:To define a new coefficient to be used in the formula (Volume?=?L x H x W x Coefficient) that better estimates prostate volume using dimensions of fresh prostates from patients who had transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging prior to prostatectomy. METHODS:The prostate was obtained from 153 patients, weighed and measured to obtain length (L), height (H), and width (W). The density was determined by water displacement to calculate volume. TRUS data were retrieved from patient charts. Linear regression analyses were performed to compare various prostate volume formulas, including the commonly used ellipsoid formula and newly introduced bullet-shaped formula. RESULTS:By relating measured prostate volumes from fresh prostates to TRUS-estimated prostate volumes, 0.66 was the best fitting coefficient in the (L x H x W x Coefficient) equation. This newfound coefficient combined with outlier removal yielded a linear equation with an R2 of 0.64, compared to 0.55 and 0.60, for the ellipsoid and bullet, respectively. By comparing each of the measured vs. estimated dimensions, we observed that the mean prostate height and length were overestimated by 11.1 and 10.8% using ultrasound (p?<?0.05), respectively, while the mean width was similar (p?>?0.05). Overall, the ellipsoid formula underestimates prostate volumes by 18%, compared to an overestimation of 4.6 and 5.7% for the bullet formula and the formula using our coefficient, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:This study defines, for the first time, a coefficient based on freshly resected prostates as a reference to estimate volumes by imaging. Our findings support a bullet rather than an ellipsoid prostate shape. Moreover, substituting the coefficient commonly used in the ellipsoid formula by our calculated coefficient in the equation estimating prostate volume by TRUS, provides a more accurate value of the true prostate volume.

| S-EPMC6657110 | biostudies-literature

Variance estimation using memory type estimators based on EWMA statistic for time scaled surveys in stratified sampling.

Project description:In this article, we have proposed memory-type exponential and non-exponential estimators for population variance based on exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistic in stratified sampling. We drive mathematical expressions for mean square errors of the proposed estimators using Taylor and exponential expansions. Our analysis demonstrates that the proposed memory-type estimators outperform the conventional estimators under stratification, particularly, when the information of previous sample is utilized. The performances of the proposed estimators are evaluated mathematically by deriving the conditions in which the memory-type estimators would perform better than their corresponding conventional estimators under stratification. Through an extensive simulation, we evaluated the performance of the proposed estimators across various population parameters, revealing their enhanced efficiency in time-scaled survey. Additionally, a real data application is also used to support the mathematical findings, confirming the practical utility of the proposed estimators. The results of numerical study underscore the importance of the use of previous sampled information which significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of the proposed estimator for variance estimation for time-scaled surveys.

| S-EPMC11535251 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data