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Physical Activity and Cerebral Small Vein Integrity in Older Adults.

ABSTRACT: Identifying promoters of cerebral small vein integrity is important to counter vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. PURPOSE:In this preliminary investigation, the effects of a randomized 24-month physical activity (PA) intervention on changes in cerebral small vein integrity were compared to those of a health education (HE) control. METHODS:Cerebral small vein integrity was measured in 24 older adults (n = 8, PA; n = 16, HE) using ultra-high field MRI before and at the end of the 24-month intervention. Deep medullary veins were defined as straight or tortuous; percent change in straight length, tortuous length, and tortuosity ratio were computed. Microbleed count and white matter hyperintensities were also rated. RESULTS:Accelerometry-based values of PA increased by 17.2% in the PA group but declined by 28.0% in the HE group. The PA group, but not the HE group, had a significant increase in straight vein length from baseline to 24-month follow-up (P = 0.02 and P = 0.21, respectively); the between-group difference in percent change in straight length was significant (increase: median, 93.6%; interquartile range, 112.9 for PA; median, 28.4%; interquartile range, 90.6 for HE; P = 0.07). Between group differences in other markers were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS:Increasing PA in late-life may promote cerebral small vein integrity. This should be confirmed in larger studies.

SUBMITTER: Shaaban CE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6629486 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physical Activity and Cerebral Small Vein Integrity in Older Adults.

Shaaban C Elizabeth CE Aizenstein Howard Jay HJ Jorgensen Dana R DR Mahbubani Rebecca L M RLM Meckes Nicole A NA Erickson Kirk I KI Glynn Nancy W NW Mettenburg Joseph J Guralnik Jack J Newman Anne B AB Ibrahim Tamer S TS Laurienti Paul J PJ Vallejo Abbe N AN Rosano Caterina C

Medicine and science in sports and exercise 20190801 8

Identifying promoters of cerebral small vein integrity is important to counter vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia.<h4>Purpose</h4>In this preliminary investigation, the effects of a randomized 24-month physical activity (PA) intervention on changes in cerebral small vein integrity were compared to those of a health education (HE) control.<h4>Methods</h4>Cerebral small vein integrity was measured in 24 older adults (n = 8, PA; n = 16, HE) using ultra-high field MRI before ...[more]

PMID: 30817709

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Project description:Background and objectivesPhysical activity has been associated with a decreased risk for dementia, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain to be determined. Our objective was to assess whether cardiovascular risk factors mediate the association between physical activity and brain integrity markers in older adults.MethodsAt baseline, participants from the Age-Well study completed a physical activity questionnaire and underwent cardiovascular risk factors collection (systolic blood pressure, body mass index [BMI], current smoker status, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and insulin levels) and multimodal neuroimaging (structural MRI, diffusion MRI, FDG-PET, and florbetapir PET). Multiple regressions were conducted to assess the association among physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and neuroimaging. Mediation analyses were performed to test whether cardiovascular risk factors mediated the associations between physical activity and neuroimaging.ResultsA total of 134 cognitively unimpaired older adults (≥65 years) were included. Higher physical activity was associated with higher gray matter (GM) volume (β = 0.174, p = 0.030) and cerebral glucose metabolism (β = 0.247, p = 0.019) but not with amyloid deposition or white matter integrity. Higher physical activity was associated with lower insulin level and BMI but not with the other cardiovascular risk factors. Lower insulin level and BMI were related to higher GM volume but not to cerebral glucose metabolism. When controlling for insulin level and BMI, the association between physical activity and cerebral glucose metabolism remained unchanged, while the association with GM volume was lost. When insulin level and BMI were entered in the same model, only BMI remained a significant predictor of GM volume. Mediation analyses confirmed that insulin level and BMI mediated the association between physical activity and GM volume. Analyses were replicated within Alzheimer disease-sensitive regions and results remained overall similar.DiscussionThe association between physical activity and GM volume is mediated by changes in insulin level and BMI. In contrast, the association with cerebral glucose metabolism seems to be independent from cardiovascular risk factors. Older adults engaging in physical activity experience cardiovascular benefits through the maintenance of a lower BMI and insulin level, resulting in greater structural brain integrity. This study has implications for understanding how physical activity affects brain health and may help in developing strategies to prevent or delay age-related decline.Trial registration informationEudraCT: 2016-002,441-36; IDRCB: 2016-A01767-44; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02977819.

Project description:IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) is important for healthy ageing. Better insight into objectively measured PA levels in older adults is needed, since most previous studies employed self-report measures for PA assessment, which are associated with overestimation of PA.AimThis study aimed to provide insight in objectively measured indoor and outdoor PA of older adults, and in PA differences by frailty levels.MethodsData were collected among non-frail (N = 74) and frail (N = 10) subjects, aged 65 to 89 years. PA, measured for seven days with accelerometers and GPS-devices, was categorized into three levels of intensity (sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous PA).ResultsOlder adults spent most time in sedentary and light PA. Subjects spent 84.7%, 15.1% and 0.2% per day in sedentary, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA respectively. On average, older adults spent 9.8 (SD 23.7) minutes per week in moderate-to-vigorous activity, and 747.0 (SD 389.6) minutes per week in light activity. None of the subjects met the WHO recommendations of 150 weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA. Age-, sex- and health status-adjusted results revealed no differences in PA between non-frail and frail older adults. Subjects spent significantly more sedentary time at home, than not at home. Non-frail subjects spent significantly more time not at home during moderate-to-vigorous activities, than at home.ConclusionsObjective assessment of PA in older adults revealed that most PA was of light intensity, and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA was very low. None of the older adults met the World Health Organization recommendations for PA. These levels of MVPA are much lower than generally reported based on self-reported PA. Future studies should employ objective methods, and age specific thresholds for healthy PA levels in older adults are needed. These results emphasize the need for effective strategies for healthy PA levels for the growing proportion of older adults.

Dataset Information

Physical Activity and Cerebral Small Vein Integrity in Older Adults.

Publications

Physical Activity and Cerebral Small Vein Integrity in Older Adults.

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