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REV-ERB? and REV-ERB? function as key factors regulating Mammalian Circadian Output.

ABSTRACT: The circadian clock regulates behavioural and physiological processes in a 24-h cycle. The nuclear receptors REV-ERB? and REV-ERB? are involved in the cell-autonomous circadian transcriptional/translational feedback loops as transcriptional repressors. A number of studies have also demonstrated a pivotal role of REV-ERBs in regulation of metabolic, neuronal, and inflammatory functions including bile acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and production of inflammatory cytokines. Given the multifunctional role of REV-ERBs, it is important to elucidate the mechanism through which REV-ERBs exert their functions. To this end, we established a Rev-erb?/Rev-erb? double-knockout mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell model and analyzed the circadian clock and clock-controlled output gene expressions. A comprehensive mRNA-seq analysis revealed that the double knockout of both Rev-erb? and Rev-erb? does not abrogate expression rhythms of E-box-regulated core clock genes but drastically changes a diverse set of other rhythmically-expressed output genes. Of note, REV-ERB?/? deficiency does not compromise circadian expression rhythms of PER2, while REV-ERB target genes, Bmal1 and Npas2, are significantly upregulated. This study highlight the relevance of REV-ERBs as pivotal output mediators of the mammalian circadian clock.

SUBMITTER: Ikeda R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6629614 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ function as key factors regulating Mammalian Circadian Output.

Ikeda Ryosuke R Tsuchiya Yoshiki Y Koike Nobuya N Umemura Yasuhiro Y Inokawa Hitoshi H Ono Ryutaro R Inoue Maho M Sasawaki Yuh Y Grieten Tess T Okubo Naoki N Ikoma Kazuya K Fujiwara Hiroyoshi H Kubo Toshikazu T Yagita Kazuhiro K

Scientific reports 20190715 1

The circadian clock regulates behavioural and physiological processes in a 24-h cycle. The nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are involved in the cell-autonomous circadian transcriptional/translational feedback loops as transcriptional repressors. A number of studies have also demonstrated a pivotal role of REV-ERBs in regulation of metabolic, neuronal, and inflammatory functions including bile acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and production of inflammatory cytokines. Given the multifunct ...[more]

PMID: 31308426

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Project description:Circadian dysfunction is a common attribute of many neurodegenerative diseases, most of which are associated with neuroinflammation. Circadian rhythm dysfunction has been associated with inflammation in the periphery, but the role of the core clock in neuroinflammation remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Rev-erbα, a nuclear receptor and circadian clock component, is a mediator of microglial activation and neuroinflammation. We observed time-of-day oscillation in microglial immunoreactivity in the hippocampus, which was disrupted in Rev-erbα-/- mice. Rev-erbα deletion caused spontaneous microglial activation in the hippocampus and increased expression of proinflammatory transcripts, as well as secondary astrogliosis. Transcriptomic analysis of hippocampus from Rev-erbα-/- mice revealed a predominant inflammatory phenotype and suggested dysregulated NF-κB signaling. Primary Rev-erbα-/- microglia exhibited proinflammatory phenotypes and increased basal NF-κB activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that Rev-erbα physically interacts with the promoter regions of several NF-κB-related genes in primary microglia. Loss of Rev-erbα in primary astrocytes had no effect on basal activation but did potentiate the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vivo, Rev-erbα-/- mice exhibited enhanced hippocampal neuroinflammatory responses to peripheral LPS injection, while pharmacologic activation of Rev-erbs with the small molecule agonist SR9009 suppressed LPS-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation. Rev-erbα deletion influenced neuronal health, as conditioned media from Rev-erbα-deficient primary glial cultures exacerbated oxidative damage in cultured neurons. Rev-erbα-/- mice also exhibited significantly altered cortical resting-state functional connectivity, similar to that observed in neurodegenerative models. Our results reveal Rev-erbα as a pharmacologically accessible link between the circadian clock and neuroinflammation.

Dataset Information

REV-ERB? and REV-ERB? function as key factors regulating Mammalian Circadian Output.

Publications

REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ function as key factors regulating Mammalian Circadian Output.

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