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Sex pilus specific bacteriophage to drive bacterial population towards antibiotic sensitivity.

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now a major global problem largely resulting from the overuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock. In some AMR bacteria, resistance is encoded by conjugative plasmids expressing sex-pili that can readily spread resistance through bacterial populations. The aim of this study was to use sex pilus-specific (SPS) phage to reduce the carriage of AMR plasmids. Here, we demonstrate that SPS phage can kill AMR Escherichia coli and select for AMR plasmid loss in vitro. For the first time, we also demonstrate that SPS phage can both prevent the spread of AMR Salmonella Enteritidis infection in chickens and shift the bacterial population towards antibiotic sensitivity.

SUBMITTER: Colom J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6717204 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sex pilus specific bacteriophage to drive bacterial population towards antibiotic sensitivity.

Colom Joan J Batista Diego D Baig Abiyad A Tang Ying Y Liu Siyang S Yuan Fangzhong F Belkhiri Aouatif A Marcelino Lucas L Barbosa Fernanda F Rubio Marcela M Atterbury Robert R Berchieri Angelo A Barrow Paul P

Scientific reports 20190830 1

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now a major global problem largely resulting from the overuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock. In some AMR bacteria, resistance is encoded by conjugative plasmids expressing sex-pili that can readily spread resistance through bacterial populations. The aim of this study was to use sex pilus-specific (SPS) phage to reduce the carriage of AMR plasmids. Here, we demonstrate that SPS phage can kill AMR Escherichia coli and select for AMR plasmid loss in vitro ...[more]

PMID: 31471549

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Project description:IntroductionThe problem of antibiotic resistance is a global one, involving many industries and entailing huge financial outlays. Therefore, the search for alternative methods to combat drug-resistant bacteria has a priority status. Great potential is seen in bacteriophages which have the natural ability to kill bacterial cells. Bacteriophages also have several advantages over antibiotics. Firstly, they are considered ecologically safe (harmless to humans, plants and animals). Secondly, bacteriophages preparations are readily producible and easy to apply. However, before bacteriophages can be authorized for medical and veterinary use, they must be accurately characterized in vitro and in vivo to determinate safety.MethodsTherefore, the aim of this study was to verify for the first time the behavioral and immunological responses of both male and female mice (C57BL/6J) to bacteriophage cocktail, composed of two bacteriophages, and to two commonly used antibiotics, enrofloxacin and tetracycline. Animal behavior, the percentage of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations, cytokine concentrations, blood hematological parameters, gastrointestinal microbiome analysis and the size of internal organs, were evaluated.ResultsUnexpectedly, we observed a sex-dependent, negative effect of antibiotic therapy, which not only involved the functioning of the immune system, but could also significantly impaired the activity of the central nervous system, as manifested by disruption of the behavioral pattern, especially exacerbated in females. In contrast to antibiotics, complex behavioral and immunological analyses confirmed the lack of adverse effects during the bacteriophage cocktail administration.DiscussionThe mechanism of the differences between males and females in appearance of adverse effects, related to the behavioral and immune functions, in the response to antibiotic treatment remains to be elucidated. One might imagine that differences in hormones and/or different permeability of the blood-brain barrier can be important factors, however, extensive studies are required to find the real reason(s).

Project description:IntroductionCancer patients being immunosuppressed are vulnerable to develop infections. Knowledge of the changing epidemiology of infections has a pivotal role in its management. Aims and Objectives. The study is undertaken to assess the types of bacterial infections in cancer patients undergoing anticancer treatment, the associated bacterial pathogens, and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns.Materials and methodsA retrospective surveillance study was undertaken in our center. Positive culture reports and other clinical details of cancer patients diagnosed with infection during a stay in the tertiary care center from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2016 were analysed by descriptive statistical methods chi-square test and odds ratio to study the association.ResultsOut of 638 cancer patients diagnosed with infections in the 2-year period, 140 patients had positive cultures, representing 272 specimens and 306 isolates. Common specimens sent for culture were blood sputum, urine, and pus. 214 isolates (69.9%) were gram-negative bacilli, and 92 (30.1%) were gram-positive cocci. The most common isolates were Klebsiella spp. (18.30%), Pseudomonas spp. (17.65%), and Escherichia coli (14.71%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (13.72%). Among the gram-negative organisms, the antibiotic resistance rates reported to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and third-generation cephalosporins were 45.13%, 39.20%, and 48.58%, respectively. 26.92% of the organisms are resistant to all three antibiotics. 50.4% of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli were ESBL producers. Gram-negative organisms showed 11.63% resistance to β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination, and 22.22% of gram-negative organisms are resistant to carbapenems. 50% of the Staphylococcus spp. were methicillin resistant, but all were sensitive to vancomycin.ConclusionThe surge in the number of gram-negative infections emphasizes the need for broad-spectrum empirical therapy targeting the same. Rate of resistance of the isolated gram-negative organisms to the routinely used empirical therapy is alarming. Prudent use of antibiotics, based on culture reports wherever possible, is of utmost importance to save the lives of infected patients and prevent further development of antibiotic resistance.

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Sex pilus specific bacteriophage to drive bacterial population towards antibiotic sensitivity.

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Sex pilus specific bacteriophage to drive bacterial population towards antibiotic sensitivity.

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