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CT density of cervical thymus, in comparison with mediastinal thymus.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:Cervical component of thymus is noted more in children and young adults than in older age group. CT texture (lobules of soft tissue interspersed with fat), similarity with CT density of mediastinal thymus and continuity with mediastinal thymus on sagittal/coronal images, are given as the criteria for diagnosis of the cervical thymus. But CT densities of cervical and mediastinal components of the thymus may vary. The purpose of our study was to compare CT densities of cervical and mediastinal parts of the thymus, in cases where ultrasonography correlation was available. METHODS:We retrospectively identified 22 patients who had undergone CT between May 2015 and May 2017 and in whom ultrasonography (USG) correlation was available. CT densities of cervical and mediastinal components of thymus were measured. RESULTS:1. CT density of cervical thymus is lower than the CT density of mediastinal thymus by ~?25 HU. 2. There is a moderate positive correlation between CT densities of cervical and mediastinal parts of the thymus. 3. CT densities of both cervical and mediastinal thymus were found to reduce with age, but the reduction was statistically significant only in the cervical thymus in this study. CONCLUSIONS:CT densities of cervical and mediastinal components of the thymus may vary, with CT density of cervical thymus being lower. There is a positive correlation between CT densities of cervical and mediastinal parts of the thymus. CT density of cervical thymus reduces with age. Understanding these may help avoid confusion on CT and avoid the need for correlative USG, saving time and effort.

SUBMITTER: Sen A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6766458 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CT density of cervical thymus, in comparison with mediastinal thymus.

Sen Anitha A Valsalamony Jiji J Raj Jubie J

Insights into imaging 20190930 1

<h4>Objectives</h4>Cervical component of thymus is noted more in children and young adults than in older age group. CT texture (lobules of soft tissue interspersed with fat), similarity with CT density of mediastinal thymus and continuity with mediastinal thymus on sagittal/coronal images, are given as the criteria for diagnosis of the cervical thymus. But CT densities of cervical and mediastinal components of the thymus may vary. The purpose of our study was to compare CT densities of cervical ...[more]

PMID: 31565757

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Project description:ObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT (DECT) with electron-density (ED) image reconstruction compared with standard CT (SC) and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) image CT reconstruction for detecting cervical disc herniation.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was approved by the IRB. We enrolled 64 patients (336 intervertebral discs from C2/3 to C7/T1; mean age, 55 years; 17 women and 47 men) who underwent DECT with spectral reconstruction and 3-T MRI within 2 weeks between January 2018 and June 2020. Four radiologists independently evaluated the first image set of randomized SC, VNCa, and ED images to detect cervical disc herniation. After 8 weeks, the readers re-evaluated the second and the last image sets with an 8-week interval. MRI evaluations performed by two other experienced served as the reference standard. Comparing diagnostic performance between each images set was evaluated by a generalized estimating equation.ResultsA total of 233 cervical disc herniations were noted on MRI. For detecting cervical disc herniation, electron-density images showed higher sensitivity (94% [219/233; 95% CI, 90-97] vs. 76% [177/233; 70-81] vs. 69% [160/233; 62-76]) (p < 0.001) and similar specificity (90% [93/103; 83-95] vs. 89% [92/103; 82-96] vs. 90% [93/103; 83-95]) (p > 0.05) as SC and VNCa images, respectively. Inter-reader agreement for cervical disc herniation calculated among the four readers was moderate for all image sets (κ = 0.558 for ED, κ = 0.422 for SC, and κ = 0.449 for VNCa).ConclusionDECT with ED reconstruction can improve cervical disc herniation detection and diagnostic confidence compared with SC and VNCa images.Key points• Intervertebral discs with high material density are well visualized on electron-density images obtained from dual-energy CT. • Electron-density images showed much higher sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy than standard CT and virtual non-calcium images for the detection of cervical disc herniation. • Electron-density images can have false-negative results, especially for disc herniation with high signal intensity on T2W images and can show pseudo-disc extrusion at the lower cervical spine.

Project description:PurposeTo evaluate the reproducibility and predicted clinical outcomes of CT-based quantitative lung density measurements using standard fixed-dose (FD) and reduced-dose (RD) scans.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective analysis of prospectively acquired data, 1205 participants (mean age, 65 years ± 9 [standard deviation]; 618 men) enrolled in the COPDGene study who underwent FD and RD CT image acquisition protocols between November 2014 and July 2017 were included. Of these, the RD scans of 640 participants were also reconstructed using iterative reconstruction (IR). Median filtering was applied to the RD scans (RD-MF) to investigate an alternative noise reduction strategy. CT attenuation at the 15th percentile of the lung CT histogram (Perc15) was computed for all image types (FD, RD, RD-MF, and RD-IR). Reproducibility coefficients were calculated to quantify the measurement differences between FD and RD scans. The ability of Perc15 to predict chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis and exacerbation frequency was investigated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsThe Perc15 reproducibility coefficients with and without volume adjustment were as follows: RD, 29.43 HU ± 0.62 versus 32.81 HU ± 1.70; RD-MF, 7.42 HU ± 0.42 versus 19.40 HU ± 2.65; and RD-IR, 7.10 HU ± 0.52 versus 22.46 HU ± 3.91. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that Perc15 on volume-adjusted FD and RD scans were both predictive for COPD diagnosis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: FD, 0.724 ± 0.045; RD, 0.739 ± 0.045) and for having one or more exacerbation per year (AUCs: FD, 0.593 ± 0.068; RD, 0.589 ± 0.066). Similar trends were observed when volume adjustment was not applied.ConclusionA combination of volume adjustment and noise reduction filtering improved the reproducibility of lung density measurements computed using serial FD and RD CT scans.Supplemental material is available for this article.© RSNA, 2021.

Dataset Information

CT density of cervical thymus, in comparison with mediastinal thymus.

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CT density of cervical thymus, in comparison with mediastinal thymus.

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