Dataset Information

Indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide from burning solid fuels for cooking and heating in Yunnan Province, China.

ABSTRACT: The Chinese national pollution census has indicated that the domestic burning of solid fuels is an important contributor to nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) emissions in China. To characterize indoor NO2 and SO2 air concentrations in relation to solid fuel use and stove ventilation in the rural counties of Xuanwei and Fuyuan, in Yunnan Province, China, which have among the highest lung cancer rates in the nation, a total of 163 participants in 30 selected villages were enrolled. Indoor 24-h NO2 and SO2 samples were collected in each household over two consecutive days. Compared to smoky coal, smokeless coal use was associated with higher NO2 concentrations [geometric mean (GM) = 132 ?g/m(3) for smokeless coal and 111 ?g/m(3) for smoky coal, P = 0.065] and SO2 [limit of detection = 24 ?g/m(3) ; percentage detected (%Detect) = 86% for smokeless coal and 40% for smoky coal, P < 0.001]. Among smoky coal users, significant variation of NO2 and SO2 air concentrations was observed across different stove designs and smoky coal sources in both counties. Model construction indicated that the measurements of both pollutants were influenced by stove design. This exposure assessment study has identified high levels of NO2 and SO2 as a result of burning solid fuels for cooking and heating.

SUBMITTER: Seow WJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6800159 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide from burning solid fuels for cooking and heating in Yunnan Province, China.

Seow W J WJ Downward G S GS Wei H H Rothman N N Reiss B B Xu J J Bassig B A BA Li J J He J J Hosgood H D HD Wu G G Chapman R S RS Tian L L Wei F F Caporaso N E NE Vermeulen R R Lan Q Q

Indoor air 20151006 5

The Chinese national pollution census has indicated that the domestic burning of solid fuels is an important contributor to nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) emissions in China. To characterize indoor NO2 and SO2 air concentrations in relation to solid fuel use and stove ventilation in the rural counties of Xuanwei and Fuyuan, in Yunnan Province, China, which have among the highest lung cancer rates in the nation, a total of 163 participants in 30 selected villages were enrolled. ...[more]

PMID: 26340585

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Project description:Nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), a by-product of combustion produced by indoor gas appliances such as cooking stoves, is associated with respiratory symptoms in those with obstructive airways disease. We conducted a three-armed randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of interventions aimed at reducing indoor NO2 concentrations in homes with unvented gas stoves: (i) replacement of existing gas stove with electric stove; (ii) installation of ventilation hood over existing gas stove; and (iii) placement of air purifiers with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) and carbon filters. Home inspection and NO2 monitoring were conducted at 1 week pre-intervention and at 1 week and 3 months post-intervention. Stove replacement resulted in a 51% and 42% decrease in median NO2 concentration at 3 months of follow-up in the kitchen and bedroom, respectively (P = 0.01, P = 0.01); air purifier placement resulted in an immediate decrease in median NO2 concentration in the kitchen (27%, P < 0.01) and bedroom (22%, P = 0.02), but at 3 months, a significant reduction was seen only in the kitchen (20%, P = 0.05). NO2 concentrations in the kitchen and bedroom did not significantly change following ventilation hood installation. Replacing unvented gas stoves with electric stoves or placement of air purifiers with HEPA and carbon filters can decrease indoor NO2 concentrations in urban homes.Several combustion sources unique to the residential indoor environment, including gas stoves, produce nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and higher NO2 concentrations, are associated with worse respiratory morbidity in people with obstructive lung disease. A handful of studies have modified the indoor environment by replacing unvented gas heaters; this study, to our knowledge, is the first randomized study to target unvented gas stoves. The results of this study show that simple home interventions, including replacement of an unvented gas stove with an electric stove or placement of HEPA air purifiers with carbon filters, can significantly decrease indoor NO2 concentrations.

Project description:BackgroundExposure to air pollution brings the advent effect for various diseases, but study about the relationship between air pollution and ageing is scant. We aimed to determine the associations between household air pollution for cooking and heating with muscle and sarcopenia in Chinese older population by a nationally representative study.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included individuals aged 60 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study between 2011 and 2015. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was defined by low muscle mass with low muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance. Generalized additive analyses and dose-dependent analyses with three models were used to assess the effects of different pattern of cooking and heating on muscle and sarcopenia.ResultsA total of 8126 Chinese older individuals with predominant male (53.7%) and mean age of 67.3 ± 6.0 years were included in our study. Solid fuel use in cooking showed significant declines in muscle strength (β = -0.424, 95% CI: -0.767, -0.082, P = 0.01 in model 3) and mass (β = -0.034, 95% CI: -0.051, -0.017, P < 0.01 in model 3), when compared with clean fuel use in cooking, respectively. Solid fuel for heating was correlated with lower muscle strength (β = -0.637, 95% CI: -1.033, -0.241, P < 0.01 in model 3) than clean fuel for heating. The joint use of solid fuel for cooking and heating was associated with reduced muscle strength (β = -0.835, 95% CI: -1.306, -0.365, P < 0.01 in model 3) and mass (β = -0.038, 95% CI: -0.061, -0.015, P < 0.01 in model 3) than clean fuel for cooking and heating. Solid fuel for cooking was associated with significantly increased risk of low muscle strength (adjusted OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.50, P < 0.01 in model 3) and mass (adjusted OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.61, P < 0.01 in model 3), possible sarcopenia (adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.48, P < 0.01 in model 3) and sarcopenia (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.72, P < 0.01 in model 3) compared with clean fuel for cooking. Solid fuel for heating had a significant correlation with low muscle strength (adjusted OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.56, P < 0.01 in model 3) and possible sarcopenia (adjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.31, 1.70, P < 0.01 in model 3). Dose-dependent manner was shown in the associations between the number of solid fuel with low muscle strength and possible sarcopenia. Clean fuel for cooking and solid fuel for heating was positively associated with the prevalence of possible sarcopenia than clean fuel for cooking and heating (adjusted OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.57, P < 0.01 in model 3).ConclusionsOur findings suggested that solid fuel for cooking and the number of solid fuel use potentially facilitates the onset and progression of muscle loss and sarcopenia.

Project description:Yunnan Province, China is thought to be the original source of biovar Orientalis of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the third plague pandemic that has spread globally since the end of the 19th century. Although encompassing a large area of natural plague foci, Y. pestis strains have rarely been found in live rodents during surveillance in Yunnan, and most isolates are from rodent corpses and their fleas. In 2017, 10 Y. pestis strains were isolated from seven live rodents and three fleas in Heqing County (HQ) of Yunnan. These strains were supposed to have low virulence to local rodents Eothenomys miletus and Apodemus chevrieri because the rodents were healthy and no dead animals were found in surrounding areas, as had occurred in previous epizootic disease. We performed microscopic and biochemical examinations of the isolates,and compared their whole-genome sequences and transcriptome with those of 10 high virulence Y. pestis strains that were isolated from the adjacent city (Lijiang). We analyzed the phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptomic characteristics of live rodent isolates. The isolates formed a previously undefined monophyletic branch of Y. pestis that was named 1.IN5. Six SNPs, two indels, and one copy number variation were detected between live rodent isolates and the high virulence neighbors. No obvious functional consequence of these variations was found according to the known annotation information. Among the genes that were differentially expressed between the live rodent isolates and their high virulence neighbors, we detected five iron transfer-related genes that were significantly up-regulated in live rodent isolates compared with high virulence isolates (|log2 (FC) | >1, p.adjust <0.05), indicating these genes may be related to the low-virulence phenotype. The novel genotype of Y. pestis reported here provides further insights into the evolution and spread of plague as well as clues that may help to decipher the virulence mechanism of this notorious pathogen.

Project description:BackgroundVentilation has emerged as an important strategy to reduce indoor aerosol transmission of coronavirus disease 2019. Indoor air carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are a surrogate measure of respiratory pathogen transmission risk.ObjectivesTo determine whether CO2 monitors are necessary and effective to improve ventilation in hospitals.MethodsA randomized, placebo (sham)-controlled, crossover, open label trial. Between February and May 2021, we placed CO2 monitors in twelve double-bed patient rooms across two geriatric wards. Staff were instructed to open windows, increase the air exchange rate and reduce room crowding to maintain indoor air CO2 concentrations ≤800 parts per million (ppm).ResultsCO2 levels increased during morning care and especially in rooms housing couples (rooming-in). The median (interquartile range, IQR) time/day with CO2 concentration > 800 ppm (primary outcome) was 110 min (IQR 47-207) at baseline, 82 min (IQR 12-226.5) during sham periods, 78 min (IQR 20-154) during intervention periods and 140 min (IQR 19.5-612.5) post-intervention. The intervention period only differed significantly from the post-intervention period (P = 0.02), mainly due to an imbalance in rooming-in. Significant but small differences were observed in secondary outcomes of time/day with CO2 concentrations > 1000 ppm and daily peak CO2 concentrations during the intervention vs. baseline and vs. the post-intervention period, but not vs. sham. Staff reported cold discomfort for patients as the main barrier towards increasing ventilation.DiscussionIndoor air CO2 concentrations in hospital rooms commonly peaked above recommended levels, especially during morning care and rooming-in. There are many possible barriers towards implementing CO2 monitors to improve ventilation in a real-world hospital setting. A paradigm shift in hospital infection control towards adequate ventilation is warranted.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04770597.

Dataset Information

Indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide from burning solid fuels for cooking and heating in Yunnan Province, China.

Publications

Indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide from burning solid fuels for cooking and heating in Yunnan Province, China.

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