Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

9 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Scythes, sickles and other blades: defining the diversity of pectoral fin morphotypes in Pachycormiformes.

ABSTRACT: The traditional terminology of 'scythe' or 'sickle' shaped is observed to be flawed as an effective descriptor for pectoral fin shape in pachycormids. The diversity of pachycormid pectoral fin shapes is assessed across the 14 recognised genera that preserve complete pectoral fins, and improved terms are defined to more effectively describe their form, supported by anatomical observation and aspect ratio analysis of individual fins, and corroborated by landmark analysis. Three clear and distinct pectoral fin structural morphotypes emerge (falceform, gladiform, falcataform), reflecting a diversity of pachycormid lifestyles throughout the Mesozoic, from agile pursuit predator to slow-cruising suspension feeder.

SUBMITTER: Liston JJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6842561 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Scythes, sickles and other blades: defining the diversity of pectoral fin morphotypes in Pachycormiformes.

Liston Jeff J JJ Maltese Anthony E AE Lambers Paul H PH Delsate Dominique D Harcourt-Smith William E H WEH van Heteren Anneke H AH

PeerJ 20191107

The traditional terminology of 'scythe' or 'sickle' shaped is observed to be flawed as an effective descriptor for pectoral fin shape in pachycormids. The diversity of pachycormid pectoral fin shapes is assessed across the 14 recognised genera that preserve complete pectoral fins, and improved terms are defined to more effectively describe their form, supported by anatomical observation and aspect ratio analysis of individual fins, and corroborated by landmark analysis. Three clear and distinct ...[more]

PMID: 31720097

Similar Datasets

Morphological evolution and diversity of pectoral fin skeletons in teleosts.

Project description:The Teleostei class has the most species of the fishes. Members of this group have pectoral fins, enabling refined movements in the water. Although teleosts live in a diverse set of environments, the skeletal pattern of pectoral fins in teleosts is considered to show little morphological variability. Here, in order to elucidate variations in pectoral fin skeletons and to identify their evolutionary processes, we compared the pectoral fin skeletons from 27 species of teleosts. We identified several variations and a diversity of pectoral fin skeletal patterns within some teleost groups. Taken together with previous reports on teleost skeletons, our findings reveal that in the course of teleost evolution, there are a mixture of conserved and non-conserved components in the pectoral fin skeletons of teleosts, and that teleosts may have experienced the variation and conservation of the number and shape of the proximal radials, the loss of the mesocoracoid, and the change in the distal radial-fin ray relationship.

| S-EPMC9701400 | biostudies-literature

BMP Signaling Gradient Scaling in the Zebrafish Pectoral Fin.

Project description:Secreted growth factors can act as morphogens that form spatial concentration gradients in developing organs, thereby controlling growth and patterning. For some morphogens, adaptation of the gradients to tissue size allows morphological patterns to remain proportioned as the organs grow. In the zebrafish pectoral fin, we found that BMP signaling forms a two-dimensional gradient. The length of the gradient scales with tissue length and its amplitude increases with fin size according to a power-law. Gradient scaling and amplitude power-laws are signatures of growth control by time derivatives of morphogenetic signaling: cell division correlates with the fold change over time of the cellular signaling levels. We show that Smoc1 regulates BMP gradient scaling and growth in the fin. Smoc1 scales the gradient by means of a feedback loop: Smoc1 is a BMP agonist and BMP signaling represses Smoc1 expression. Our work uncovers a layer of morphogen regulation during vertebrate appendage development.

| S-EPMC7109522 | biostudies-literature

Ancestry of motor innervation to pectoral fin and forelimb.

Project description:Motor innervation to the tetrapod forelimb and fish pectoral fin is assumed to share a conserved spinal cord origin, despite major structural and functional innovations of the appendage during the vertebrate water-to-land transition. In this paper, we present anatomical and embryological evidence showing that pectoral motoneurons also originate in the hindbrain among ray-finned fish. New and previous data for lobe-finned fish, a group that includes tetrapods, and more basal cartilaginous fish showed pectoral innervation that was consistent with a hindbrain-spinal origin of motoneurons. Together, these findings support a hindbrain-spinal phenotype as the ancestral vertebrate condition that originated as a postural adaptation for pectoral control of head orientation. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that Hox gene modules were shared in fish and tetrapod pectoral systems. We propose that evolutionary shifts in Hox gene expression along the body axis provided a transcriptional mechanism allowing eventual decoupling of pectoral motoneurons from the hindbrain much like their target appendage gained independence from the head.

| S-EPMC2963806 | biostudies-other

Genomewide screening for pectoral fin MN specific markers

Project description:The goal of this study is to find skate pectoral fin motor neuron markers. Total RNA was extracted from manually sorted pectoral fin MNs, which were retrogradely labeled and tail spinal cord cells. By comparing RNA expression profiles of pectoral fin MNs and tail spinal cord neurons, we could identity general MN, MN columnar, and subset MN pool markers for fin MNs.

2018-02-08 | GSE105156 | GEO

Gender specific comparisons of gene expression during Zebrafish pectoral fin regeneration

Project description:To identify gender specific differences in gene expression during fin rgeneration, pectoral fins were amputated from both male and female adult fish. Fins were allowed to recover for 4 days in standard tank condtions then tissue was collected for RNA isolation and microarray analysis Pooled samples from male and females, injured and uninjured in biological trilicate.

2011-09-02 | E-GEOD-31871 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gender specific comparisons of gene expression during Zebrafish pectoral fin regeneration

2011-09-03 | GSE31871 | GEO

Zebrafish Wnt9b synteny and expression during first and second arch, heart, and pectoral fin bud morphogenesis.

Project description:Roles for Wnt9b in craniofacial development are indicated by the cleft lip mutant phenotype observed in the A/WySn mouse strain,(1) caused by a retrotransposon insertion mutation at the Wnt9b locus. Analyses of the zebrafish Wnt9b ortholog, wnt9b, were pursued to provide insight into early vertebrate craniofacial patterning events mediated by Wnt9b signaling. Zebrafish wnt9b cDNA clones were isolated and found to encode an open reading frame of 358 amino acids, with 68% amino acid identity to mouse Wnt9b and 70% amino acid identity to human WNT9B. Syntenic analyses demonstrated that wnt9b and wnt3 exist as a contiguous pair in amniote vertebrate species, and that these genes are separate in the zebrafish and Takifugu genomes. During the pharyngula period, a time of extensive growth and morphogenesis, zebrafish wnt9b exhibits discrete expression in dorsal and ventral first and second branchial arch tissues, the heart, and pectoral fin buds. These analyses suggest that in zebrafish, as in humans, wnt9b plays distinct roles in directing morphogenetic movements of developing branchial arch elements, and identify the zebrafish as a useful developmental model for the study of human craniofacial cleft lip and palate.

| S-EPMC3140304 | biostudies-literature

Distinct tissue-specific requirements for the zebrafish tbx5 genes during heart, retina and pectoral fin development.

Project description:The transcription factor Tbx5 is expressed in the developing heart, eyes and anterior appendages. Mutations in human TBX5 cause Holt-Oram syndrome, a condition characterized by heart and upper limb malformations. Tbx5-knockout mouse embryos have severely impaired forelimb and heart morphogenesis from the earliest stages of their development. However, zebrafish embryos with compromised tbx5 function show a complete absence of pectoral fins, while heart development is disturbed at significantly later developmental stages and eye development remains to be thoroughly analysed. We identified a novel tbx5 gene in zebrafish--tbx5b--that is co-expressed with its paralogue, tbx5a, in the developing eye and heart and hypothesized that functional redundancy could be occurring in these organs in embryos with impaired tbx5a function. We have now investigated the consequences of tbx5a and/or tbx5b downregulation in zebrafish to reveal that tbx5 genes have essential roles in the establishment of cardiac laterality, dorsoventral retina axis organization and pectoral fin development. Our data show that distinct relationships between tbx5 paralogues are required in a tissue-specific manner to ensure the proper morphogenesis of the three organs in which they are expressed. Furthermore, we uncover a novel role for tbx5 genes in the establishment of correct heart asymmetry in zebrafish embryos.

| S-EPMC4043114 | biostudies-literature

Hindbrain and Spinal Cord Contributions to the Cutaneous Sensory Innervation of the Larval Zebrafish Pectoral Fin.

Project description:Vertebrate forelimbs contain arrays of sensory neuron fibers that transmit signals from the skin to the nervous system. We used the genetic toolkit and optical clarity of the larval zebrafish to conduct a live imaging study of the sensory neurons innervating the pectoral fin skin. Sensory neurons in both the hindbrain and the spinal cord innervate the fin, with most cells located in the hindbrain. The hindbrain somas are located in rhombomere seven/eight, laterally and dorsally displaced from the pectoral fin motor pool. The spinal cord somas are located in the most anterior part of the cord, aligned with myomere four. Single cell reconstructions were used to map afferent processes and compare the distributions of processes to soma locations. Reconstructions indicate that this sensory system breaks from the canonical somatotopic organization of sensory systems by lacking a clear organization with reference to fin region. Arborizations from a single cell branch widely over the skin, innervating the axial skin, lateral fin surface, and medial fin surface. The extensive branching over the fin and the surrounding axial surface suggests that these fin sensory neurons report on general conditions of the fin area rather than providing fine location specificity, as has been demonstrated in other vertebrate limbs. With neuron reconstructions that span the full primary afferent arborization from the soma to the peripheral cutaneous innervation, this neuroanatomical study describes a system of primary sensory neurons and lays the groundwork for future functional studies.

| S-EPMC7607007 | biostudies-literature

Defining stationary phase transcriptomes of Campylobacter jejuni cell morphotypes

Project description:Filamentation, the transition from rod to filamentous cell morphology, has been identified as a response to stressful conditions in many bacterial species. Campylobacter jejuni exhibits filamentation upon entry to stationary phase. This study examines the cell mophotype specific transciptomes (RNAseq) of C. jejuni.

2018-07-07 | GSE116729 | GEO

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data