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Reducing speeding in web surveys by providing immediate feedback.

ABSTRACT: It is well known that some survey respondents reduce the effort they invest in answering questions by taking mental shortcuts - survey satisficing. This is a concern because such shortcuts can reduce the quality of responses and, potentially, the accuracy of survey estimates. This article explores "speeding," an extreme type of satisficing, which we define as answering so quickly that respondents could not have given much, if any, thought to their answers. To reduce speeding among online respondents we implemented an interactive prompting technique. When respondents answered faster than a minimal response time threshold, they received a message encouraging them to answer carefully and take their time. Across six web survey experiments, this prompting technique reduced speeding on subsequent questions compared to a no prompt control. Prompting slowed response times whether the speeding that triggered the prompt occurred early or late in the questionnaire, in the first or later waves of a longitudinal survey, among respondents recruited from non-probability or probability panels, or whether the prompt was delivered on only the first or on all speeding episodes. In addition to reducing speeding, the prompts increased response accuracy on simple arithmetic questions for a key subgroup. Prompting also reduced later straightlining in one experiment, suggesting the benefits may generalize to other types of mental shortcuts. Although the prompting could have annoyed respondents, it was not accompanied by a noticeable increase in breakoffs. As an alternative technique, respondents in one experiment were asked to explicitly commit to responding carefully. This global approach complemented the more local, interactive prompting technique on several measures. Taken together, these results suggest that interactive interventions of this sort may be useful for increasing respondents' conscientiousness in online questionnaires, even though these questionnaires are self-administered.

SUBMITTER: Conrad FG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6863515 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reducing speeding in web surveys by providing immediate feedback.

Conrad Frederick G FG Couper Mick P MP Tourangeau Roger R Zhang Chan C

Survey research methods 20170401 1

It is well known that some survey respondents reduce the effort they invest in answering questions by taking mental shortcuts - survey satisficing. This is a concern because such shortcuts can reduce the quality of responses and, potentially, the accuracy of survey estimates. This article explores "speeding," an extreme type of satisficing, which we define as answering so quickly that respondents could not have given much, if any, thought to their answers. To reduce speeding among online respond ...[more]

PMID: 31745400

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Project description:Protein translational machinery is an important component of proteostasis network (PN) that maintains cellular proteostasis and regulates aging and other cellular processes. Ample evidence indicates that inhibition of translation initiation factor activities enhances stress resistance and extends life span in model organisms. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) is responsible for joining of pre-40S subunits with 60S ribosomal subunits to give a 80S-like complex in protein translational initiation and its silencing may disrupt proteostasis and trigger cellular processes associated with stress responses. In the present work, eIF5B was genetically manipulated in 293T cells. The physiological aspects of eIF5B-knockdown cells (eIF5B-KN) were characterized showing that they grew slower, had a lower level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), an increased resistance to oxidative stress and an enhanced autophagy. Proteomic analysis showed that silencing of eIF5B resulted in up-regulation of 88 proteins and down-regulation of 130 proteins in eIF5B-KN compared to control cells, which involved in diverse cellular processes including metabolism, RNA processing, and protein metabolism, and DNA synthesis. The autonomous downregulation of the MAPK singnaling pathway was identified that led to the prolonged S-phase cell-cycle arrest and contributed to the slow growth of eIF5B-KN cells. Glutamine transporters were found to be downregulated which enhanced formation of autophagy. Furthermore, eIF5B knockdown compromised the integrity of 28S rRNA and 8.5.8S rRNA that can be rescued via restoring the eIF5B expression level. Taken together, these results demonstrated that eIF5B silencing providesd a negative feedback to down regulate the MAPK signaling pathway which reconstitutesd the proteostasis, resulting in a decrease in cell growth and an enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. Our data provide a useful resource to further biological exploration into functions of protein synthesis in regulation of proteostasis and aging and suggest that eIF5B plays a role in aging process.

Project description:BackgroundLearning from routine healthcare data is important for the improvement of the quality of care. Providing feedback on clinicians' performance in comparison to their peers has been shown to be more efficient for quality improvements. However, the current methods for providing feedback do not fully address the privacy concerns of stakeholders.MethodsThe paper proposes a distributed architecture for providing feedback to clinicians on their clinical performances while protecting their privacy. The indicators for the clinical performance of a clinician are computed within a healthcare institution based on pseudonymized data extracted from the electronic health record (EHR) system. Group-level indicators of clinicians across healthcare institutions are computed using privacy-preserving distributed data-mining techniques. A clinician receives feedback reports that compare his or her personal indicators with the aggregated indicators of the individual's peers. Indicators aggregated across different geographical levels are the basis for monitoring changes in the quality of care. The architecture feasibility was practically evaluated in three general practitioner (GP) offices in Norway that consist of about 20,245 patients. The architecture was applied for providing feedback reports to 21 GPs on their antibiotic prescriptions for selected respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Each GP received one feedback report that covered antibiotic prescriptions between 2015 and 2018, stratified yearly. We assessed the privacy protection and computation time of the architecture.ResultsOur evaluation indicates that the proposed architecture is feasible for practical use and protects the privacy of the patients, clinicians, and healthcare institutions. The architecture also maintains the physical access control of healthcare institutions over the patient data. We sent a single feedback report to each of the 21 GPs. A total of 14,396 cases were diagnosed with the selected RTIs during the study period across the institutions. Of these cases, 2924 (20.3%) were treated with antibiotics, where 40.8% (1194) of the antibiotic prescriptions were narrow-spectrum antibiotics.ConclusionsIt is feasible to provide feedback to clinicians on their clinical performance in comparison to peers across healthcare institutions while protecting privacy. The architecture also enables monitoring changes in the quality of care following interventions.

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Reducing speeding in web surveys by providing immediate feedback.

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Reducing speeding in web surveys by providing immediate feedback.

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