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Exploiting Substrate Promiscuity of Ectoine Hydroxylase for Regio- and Stereoselective Modification of Homoectoine.

ABSTRACT: Extant enzymes are not only highly efficient biocatalysts for a single, or a group of chemically closely related substrates but often have retained, as a mark of their evolutionary history, a certain degree of substrate ambiguity. We have exploited the substrate ambiguity of the ectoine hydroxylase (EctD), a member of the non-heme Fe(II)-containing and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily, for such a task. Naturally, the EctD enzyme performs a precise regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of the ubiquitous stress protectant and chemical chaperone ectoine (possessing a six-membered pyrimidine ring structure) to yield trans-5-hydroxyectoine. Using a synthetic ectoine derivative, homoectoine, which possesses an expanded seven-membered diazepine ring structure, we were able to selectively generate, both in vitro and in vivo, trans-5-hydroxyhomoectoine. For this transformation, we specifically used the EctD enzyme from Pseudomonas stutzeri in a whole cell biocatalyst approach, as this enzyme exhibits high catalytic efficiency not only for its natural substrate ectoine but also for homoectoine. Molecular docking approaches with the crystal structure of the Sphingopyxis alaskensis EctD protein predicted the formation of trans-5-hydroxyhomoectoine, a stereochemical configuration that we experimentally verified by nuclear-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An Escherichia coli cell factory expressing the P. stutzeri ectD gene from a synthetic promoter imported homoectoine via the ProU and ProP compatible solute transporters, hydroxylated it, and secreted the formed trans-5-hydroxyhomoectoine, independent from all currently known mechanosensitive channels, into the growth medium from which it could be purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

SUBMITTER: Czech L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6890836 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exploiting Substrate Promiscuity of Ectoine Hydroxylase for Regio- and Stereoselective Modification of Homoectoine.

Czech Laura L Wilcken Sarah S Czech Oliver O Linne Uwe U Brauner Jarryd J Smits Sander H J SHJ Galinski Erwin A EA Bremer Erhard E

Frontiers in microbiology 20191127

Extant enzymes are not only highly efficient biocatalysts for a single, or a group of chemically closely related substrates but often have retained, as a mark of their evolutionary history, a certain degree of substrate ambiguity. We have exploited the substrate ambiguity of the ectoine hydroxylase (EctD), a member of the non-heme Fe(II)-containing and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily, for such a task. Naturally, the EctD enzyme performs a precise regio- and stereoselective hydro ...[more]

PMID: 31827466

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Project description:Chemoselective modification of peptides and proteins has wide applications in chemical biology and pharmaceutical development. A highly efficient chemo-, regio- and stereoselective hydrosulfuration of ynamide was developed by taking advantage of an unprecedented β-addition of the thiols. Importantly, this reaction has been identified as an effective tool for Cys modification of peptides and proteins. The rationally designed strong electron-withdrawing triflyl group on the nitrogen atom of ynamides played a crucial role for controlling the chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivities while another substituent offered a handle for functionality diversification. This Cys modification strategy proceeded efficiently in a slightly basic aqueous conditions (pH 8) to provide exclusively the Z-isomer of the corresponding conjugates with superior stability. All the reactive peptide side chain functional groups such as amino, carboxyl, primary amide, and hydroxyl groups, as well as the unprotected imidazole and indole NH are compatible. This method displayed a broad substrate scope including linear and cyclic peptides, proteins and antibody. The potential application of this method in peptide and protein chemical biology was further exemplified by Cys-bioconjugation with ynamides containing functional molecules including small molecule drugs, fluorescent and affinity tags. In addition, this strategy was also compatible with click chemistry (performed in one-pot), which remarkably extended the application of this tool. Furthermore, the chemoselective biotinylation of ubiquitin(G47C) variant with a biotinylated ynamide, as well as the regioselective modification of Cys14 and Cys38 in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), Cys34 of BSA and the antibody (Trastuzumab), could be accomplished readily under the optimized reaction conditions without perturbation of the other disulfide bonds. This method offered a novel and robust platform for Cys modification and opened new horizons for the production of peptide/protein/antibody-drug conjugates.

Dataset Information

Exploiting Substrate Promiscuity of Ectoine Hydroxylase for Regio- and Stereoselective Modification of Homoectoine.

Publications

Exploiting Substrate Promiscuity of Ectoine Hydroxylase for Regio- and Stereoselective Modification of Homoectoine.

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