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Validity of Prediction Equations of Maximal Heart Rate in Physically Active Female Adolescents and the Role of Maturation.

ABSTRACT: Background and objectives: Maximal heart rate (HRmax) is an important training and testing tool, especially in the context of evaluating intensity in exercise prescription; however, few studies have examined the validity of prediction equations of HRmax in physically active female adolescents and the role of maturation level. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the differences between measured and predicted HRmax in a sample of physically active female adolescents. Materials and Methods: Seventy-one selected volleyball players (age 13.3 ± 0.7 years, body mass 62.0 ± 7.2 kg, height 1.72 ± 0.06 m) performed a 20 m shuttle run endurance test, and the actual HRmax was compared with Tanaka HRmax ('208 - 0.7 × age') and Fox HRmax ('220 - age'). Results: A large main effect of assessment method on HRmax was found (p < 0.001, ?2 = 0.486) with Fox overestimating actual HRmax by 6.8 bpm (95% confidence intervals, CI; 4.2, 9.3) and Tanaka underestimating actual HRmax by -2.6 bpm (95% CI; -5.1, -0.1). The more matured participants had similar actual HRmax (mean difference -2.4 bpm; 95% CI; -6.5, 1.7; p = 0.242, d = -0.28), difference Fox - actual HRmax (1.5 bpm; 95% CI; -2.6, 5.6, p = 0.466, d = 0.17), and difference Tanaka - actual HRmax (1.7 bpm; 95% CI; -2.4, 5.8; p = 0.414, d = 0.19) to the less matured participants. Conclusions: These findings suggest that age-based prediction equations of HRmax developed in adult populations should be applied with caution in physically active female adolescents, and Tanaka should be preferred instead of the Fox equation.

SUBMITTER: Papadopoulou SD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6915545 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Validity of Prediction Equations of Maximal Heart Rate in Physically Active Female Adolescents and the Role of Maturation.

Papadopoulou Sophia D SD Papadopoulou Sousana K SK Alipasali Foteini F Hatzimanouil Dimitris D Rosemann Thomas T Knechtle Beat B Nikolaidis Pantelis T PT

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 20191113 11

Background and objectives: Maximal heart rate (HRmax) is an important training and testing tool, especially in the context of evaluating intensity in exercise prescription; however, few studies have examined the validity of prediction equations of HRmax in physically active female adolescents and the role of maturation level. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the differences between measured and predicted HRmax in a sample of physicall ...[more]

PMID: 31766291

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Project description:Background and Objectives: The immature skeleton in a pediatric population exposed to frequent physical activity might be extremely prone to injuries, with possible consequences later in adulthood. The main aim of this study is to present specific morphometric parameters and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphological changes of the knee and patella in a physically active pediatric population. Additionally, we wanted to investigate the morphological risk factors for patellar instability. Materials and Methods: The study included the MRI findings of 193 physically active pediatric patients with knee pain. The participants underwent sports activities for 5 to 8 h per week. Two divisions were performed: by age and by patellar type. We evaluated three age groups: group 1 (age 11-14), group 2 (age 15-17), and group 3 (age 18-21 years). In addition, participants were divided by the patellar type (according to Wiberg) into three groups. The following morphometric parameters were calculated: lateral trochlear inclination (LTI), the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG), trochlear facet asymmetry (TFA), Insall-Salvati index, modified Insall-Salvati index, Caton-Deschamps index, articular overlap, morphology ratio and contact surface ratio. Results: We found a statistically significant association between patellar type groups in LTI (p < 0.001), TFA (p < 0.001), Insal-Salvati (p = 0.001) index, and Caton-Deschamps index (p = 0.018). According to age groups, we found statistical significance in the Caton-Deschamps index (p = 0.039). The most frequent knee injury parameter, according to Wiberg, in physically active pediatric patients was patella type 2 in boys and type 3 in girls. Conclusions: The MRI morphometric parameters observed in our study might be factors of prediction of knee injury in physically active children. In addition, it might be very useful in sports programs to improve the biomechanics of the knee in order to reduce the injury rate in sports-active children.

Dataset Information

Validity of Prediction Equations of Maximal Heart Rate in Physically Active Female Adolescents and the Role of Maturation.

Publications

Validity of Prediction Equations of Maximal Heart Rate in Physically Active Female Adolescents and the Role of Maturation.

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