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Facile Synthesis of Mayenite Electride Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Graphitic Shells Like Carbon Nano Onions: Non-noble-metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR).

ABSTRACT: This manuscript presented a large scale synthesis of Graphitic Shells like carbon nano onions (GS-CNOs) by direct solution method using mayenite electride as a catalyst for synthesis of CNOs. Thermal characterization, microstructural analysis, and high resolution electron microscopy have confirmed the graphitization and revealed the resulting GS-CNOs with particle size about 15 nm, maximum BET surface area of 214 m2.g-1, and moderate conductivity of 250 S.cm-1, thus providing a new approach to synthesize GS-CNOs. The reported GS-CNOs, which acts as more active but less expensive electrocatalysts with onset potential of 1.03 V, half wave potential of 0.88 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and limited current density of 5.9 mA.cm-2, higher than that of benchmark 20% Pt/C (1.02 eV, 0.82 V, 5.2 mA.cm-2). The synthesized nano-powder acts as an origin of ORR activity via a four electron (4e-) pathway, along with significantly enhanced stability, in alkaline media. The high ORR activity is ascribed to GS-CNOs embedded sufficient metallic C12A7:e- particles, which favor faster electron movement and better adsorption of oxygen molecules on catalyst surface. Hence, we explored first time large scale synthesis of GS-CNOs with gram level and provide efficient approach to prepare novel, lowest cost, potential non-noble metals catalyst for fuel cells.

SUBMITTER: Khan K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6987263 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Facile Synthesis of Mayenite Electride Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Graphitic Shells Like Carbon Nano Onions: Non-noble-metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR).

Khan Karim K Tareen Ayesha Khan AK Tareen Ayesha Khan AK Aslam Muhammad M Zhang Yupeng Y Wang Renheng R Khan Sayed Ali SA Khan Qudrat Ullah QU Rauf Muhammad M Zhang Han H Ouyang Zhengbiao Z Guo Zhongyi Z

Frontiers in chemistry 20200122

This manuscript presented a large scale synthesis of Graphitic Shells like carbon nano onions (GS-CNOs) by direct solution method using mayenite electride as a catalyst for synthesis of CNOs. Thermal characterization, microstructural analysis, and high resolution electron microscopy have confirmed the graphitization and revealed the resulting GS-CNOs with particle size about 15 nm, maximum BET surface area of 214 m2.g-1, and moderate conductivity of 250 S.cm-1, t ...[more]

PMID: 32039153

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Project description:CONSPECTUS: Metallic and catalytically active materials with high surface area and large porosity are a long-desired goal in both industry and academia. In this Account, we summarize the strategies for making a variety of self-supported noble metal aerogels consisting of extended metal backbone nanonetworks. We discuss their outstanding physical and chemical properties, including their three-dimensional network structure, the simple control over their composition, their large specific surface area, and their hierarchical porosity. Additionally, we show some initial results on their excellent performance as electrocatalysts combining both high catalytic activity and high durability for fuel cell reactions such as ethanol oxidation and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Finally, we give some hints on the future challenges in the research area of metal aerogels. We believe that metal aerogels are a new, promising class of electrocatalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and will also open great opportunities for other electrochemical energy systems, catalysis, and sensors. The commercialization of PEFCs encounters three critical obstacles, viz., high cost, insufficient activity, and inadequate long-term durability. Besides others, the sluggish kinetics of the ORR and alcohol oxidation and insufficient catalyst stability are important reasons for these obstacles. Various approaches have been taken to overcome these obstacles, e.g., by controlling the catalyst particle size in an optimized range, forming multimetallic catalysts, controlling the surface compositions, shaping the catalysts into nanocrystals, and designing supportless catalysts with extended surfaces such as nanostructured thin films, nanotubes, and porous nanostructures. These efforts have produced plenty of excellent electrocatalysts, but the development of multisynergetic functional catalysts exhibiting low cost, high activity, and high durability still faces great challenges. In this Account, we demonstrate that the sol-gel process represents a powerful "bottom-up" strategy for creating nanostructured materials that tackles the problems mentioned above. Aerogels are unique solid materials with ultralow densities, large open pores, and ultimately high inner surface areas. They magnify the specific properties of nanomaterials to the macroscale via self-assembly, which endow them with superior properties. Despite numerous investigations of metal oxide aerogels, the investigation of metal aerogels is in the early stage. Recently, aerogels including Fe, Co, Ni, Sn, and Cu have been obtained by nanosmelting of hybrid polymer-metal oxide aerogels. We report here exclusively on mono-, bi- and multimetallic noble metal aerogels consisting of Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd and their application as electrocatalysts.

Dataset Information

Facile Synthesis of Mayenite Electride Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Graphitic Shells Like Carbon Nano Onions: Non-noble-metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR).

Publications

Facile Synthesis of Mayenite Electride Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Graphitic Shells Like Carbon Nano Onions: Non-noble-metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR).

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